O lugar do hospital psiquiátrico na atualidade: da disciplina ao abandono

Abstract

RESUMO: Este artigo traz uma reflexão sobre o lugar que o hospital psiquiátrico ocupa na atualidade. Partindo da experiência de desconstrução de um hospital psiquiátrico em Campina Grande, Paraíba, no ano de 2005, discute que o manicômio atual funciona nem tanto a partir de uma lógica disciplinar, que acompanhou durante anos o desenvolvimento do asilo, mas de uma nova lógica do abandono, em sintonia com as novas formas de desregulamentação que caracterizam os novos padrões de sociabilidade dos tempos atuais. O abandono surge como um método de controle das instituições segregadoras que funciona em sintonia com as novas formas capilares e desregulamentadas de controle. Por fim, discute-se a necessidade de um pensar crítico sobre a forma de sociabilidade da modernidade, como um passo importante para a desconstrução do paradigma psiquiátrico. DESCRITORES: Desinstitucionalização; Reforma dos serviços de saúde; Unidade hospitalar de psiquiatria. * Este trabalho faz parte de uma dissertação de mestrado em ciências sociais, defendida na PUC-SP em 2007.

Terapia ocupacional e a expressão “produção de vida”: o que dizem as produções brasileiras?

“…Regarding the fields of the specialty of Brazilian occupational therapy, we found productions related to the following groups, according to their main subject: mental health (14 articles, 48%), social field (five articles, 17%), arts and culture (four articles, 14%), collective health (three articles, 10%), occupational therapy fundamentals (two articles, 7%) and work field (one article, 3%) (Figure 4). The articles of the mental health group address themes such as experiences in extrahospital services and their therapeutic projects in a perspective of psychosocial rehabilitation (Fiorati & Saeki, 2011); the development of autism in children and adolescents from the perspective of the family (Minatel & Matsukura, 2014); the participation of mental health patients in research and the therapeutic potential of this process, with the help of occupational therapists (Dimov & Ricci, 2016); reflections on the psychiatric hospital and the logic of abandonment (Kinker, 2012); the relationship between psychiatric reform and the world of work for mental health patients (Kinker, 1997;Luiz et al, 2018); the importance of Residential Therapeutic Services in the attention and production of mental health care Castilho, 2012); the deinstitutionalization processes of people who lived in psychiatric hospitals, understanding the Mental Health Policy (Mângia & Marques, 2004); mental health care performed in territorial services called Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) (Ribeiro, 2014;Castro & Maxta, 2010); the different views on people with mental disorders, recognizing them as protagonists of their own lives (Ferreira et al, 2018); artistic interventions as a resource for occupational therapy together with Mental Health patients (Silva & Raccioni, 2015;Batista & Ribeiro, 2016).…”

“…Four articles bring the expression "production of life" related to work as a possibility of emancipation: Work as the production of life (Kinker, 1997), using Rotelli to approach the subject; Walk through the world of work (Oliveira, 2003), using Engels' reference; The place of the psychiatric hospital today: from discipline to abandonment (Kinker, 2012), without references about the expression; Challenges faced by mental health users: reflections on narratives about inside and outside work and income generation workshops (Luiz et al, 2018), in which Lussi was the reference.…”

“…This enables actions in occupational therapy as the agency of new social relationships, collaborating in the creation of meanings of life and existential territories, which enable ways of existence in addition to market sociability. As a central debate on work, freedom allows promising possibilities for the existence and production of life (Kinker, 2012).…”