O papel do alerta nas memórias verdadeiras e falsaspara informações centrais e periféricas

Abstract

ResumoOs estudos de memória emocional para eventos complexos sugerem que o alerta aumenta o desempenho da memória de longo prazo para informações centrais e periféricas. No entanto, poucos estudos investigaram o efeito do alerta nas distorções mnemônicas. No intuito de investigar a relação entre o alerta e as memórias verdadeiras e falsas para informações centrais e periféricas, um teste de reconhecimento foi desenvolvido. O teste foi baseado na adaptação brasileira do Procedimento de Apresentação de Slides de Cahill e McGaugh (1995). O teste foi respondido por 168 estudantes universitários uma semana depois de assistirem ou a versão neutra ou a estimulante do Procedimento. A versão estimulante foi responsável pelo aumento da recuperação de informações verdadeiras periféricas e falsas centrais. Palavras-chave: Memória, memória falsa, emoção, alerta emocional. AbstractStudies on emotional memory for complex events suggest that arousal enhances long-term memory for central and peripheral information. Few studies, however, have addressed arousal effect on memory distortion. Aiming to investigate the relationship between arousal and true/false memories for central and peripheral information, a recognition test was developed. The test was supported by the Brazilian adaptation of the Cahill and McGaugh's (1995) slideshow procedure. The test was answered by 168 university students one week after they had watched either the low or the high emotional arousal version of the procedure. The arousal version of the story was responsible for better memory retrieval of true peripheral information and false central information. Keywords: Memory, false memory, emotion, emotional arousal.O estudo das relações entre emoção e memória tem crescido consideravelmente nas últimas décadas. A infl uência da emoção sobre a memória interfere diretamente em áreas aplicadas da psicologia, como a Psicologia Clínica (Pergher, Stein, & Wainer, 2004) e a Psicologia Forense (Stein & Nygaard, 2003), nas quais o trabalho do profi ssional depende de relatos sobre situações frequentemente permeadas por emoções desagradáveis. Neste contexto, o estudo das distorções da memória e mais especifi camente das falsas memórias (FM) têm impulsionado o desenvolvimento de técnicas de entrevista não sugestivas visando à redução das distorções mnemônicas (Feix & Pergher, 2010).O fenômeno das FM consiste na recuperação de eventos que não ocorreram ou que ocorreram de maneira diferente * Endereço para correspondência: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psicologia, Avenida Ipiranga, 6681, Prédio 11, Sala 940, Porto Alegre, RS, Brasil 90619-900. E-mail: lilian@pucrs.br da recuperada (Brainerd & Reyna, 2005;Neufeld, Brust, & Stein, 2010). Entre as teorias utilizadas para explicar este fenômeno em relação a situações emocionais está a Teoria do Traço Difuso (TTD), para qual a memória é constituída por dois sistemas: a memória literal e a de essência (Reyna & Brainerd, 1995). A memória literal processa as informações de for...

False memories in social anxiety disorder

“…Results indicated a main effect of the version [F(1.133) = 36.31, p < 0.001], demonstrating that the emotional version stimulates more arousal (M = 1.81; SD = 1.14) than the non-emotional version (M = 0.80, SD = 0.72), which is consistent with previous studies 18,28,29 . In addition, we observed an effect of the presence of SAD [F(1.133) = 5.52, p < 0.05], which was responsible for a more intense evaluation of the effect of the stories' emotional arousal (M = 1.58, SD = 1.06) in comparison to the participants without SAD (M = 1.22, SD = 1.11), which is consistent with typical aspects of this disorder, in which individuals often become hypervigilant regarding their physiological alterations and their bodily sensations, which seems to interfere in how participants with SAD rated the material 30 .…”

“…The memory of the participants was assessed through a slideshow procedure 19 , which was translated and adapted to Brazilian reality and to the investigation of false memories 18 , with methodological improvements 28 for the memory test. The story consisted of 11 slides followed by a narrative divided into three phases.…”

“…Memory was tested by a self-administered memory recognition test composed of 84 yes-no items 28 . Participants were instructed to mark "yes" whenever the phrase corresponded to what was presented in the target material and "no" to all options that were not seen in the target material, even if it were information that could not be inferred about the event.…”

Memory bias and personality characteristics in college students with social anxiety disorder

“…We conducted a memory test 38 with 84 recognition items: 42 target items that corresponded to measures of true memories (i.e., exactly what was shown in the story), 30 distractors to measure false memories (i.e., items consistent with the story content, but which were not presented), and 12 unrelated distractors to assess non-mnemonic answers (intrusions) resulting from mistakes or guessing. For each item, participants were asked to mark the option “yes” when the sentence corresponded exactly to the information that was presented in the target material or “no” for all information that was not seen or heard, even if such information could have been inferred about the event.…”

“…We conducted a memory test 38 were asked to mark the option "yes" when the sentence corresponded exactly to the information that was presented in the target material or "no" for all information that was not seen or heard, even if such information could have been inferred about the event.…”