O sentido da visita domiciliária realizada por estudantes de medicina e enfermagem: um estudo qualitativo com usuários de unidades de saúde da família

Abstract

A visita domiciliária (VD) é considerada uma importante tecnologia para a compreensão e para o cuidado às necessidades de saúde da população. Decorre daí a demanda de sua prática nos processos de formação de profissionais da saúde. Este estudo se propõe a analisar a ótica dos usuários de unidades de saúde da família sobre as VDs realizadas por estudantes das séries iniciais de medicina e de enfermagem. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem qualitativa, que utiliza, para coleta de dados, a entrevista semiestruturada realizada com usuários que receberam visitas dos estudantes de Enfermagem e de Medicina da Faculdade de Medicina de Marília. Para análise dos dados utiliza-se o método de interpretação de sentidos baseado na perspectiva hermenêutico-dialética. Os usuários apontam como positivo o fato de que a atuação dos estudantes vai além do cuidado com um corpo biológico, evidenciando a importância das relações interpessoais no contexto da atenção à saúde. Como limitação da VD, os usuários indicam a necessidade de sua maior organização e planejamento. Depreende-se que a VD amplia a interatividade entre o serviço de saúde e o usuário e se desenvolve conforme os princípios da humanização. No entanto, deve-se atentar à importância de um contínuo aperfeiçoamento no planejamento e na implementação das visitas domiciliárias.

Teaching about home visits to university students

“…On the other hand, the study A2 (12) shows that the patients consider as positive the home visit performed by the Medicine and Nursing students since their performance goes beyond the physical care and point out the importance of interpersonal relationships in the context of health care. From the point of view of the families, the visits enable the teaching and the learning process being that they express the senses of the teaching both by the specific knowledge that the students present and by the experience of life, revealing a learning not only of the school but also the need of the younger people learn from their elders.…”

“…These potentialities have been described as (re) knowing health problems (A1 (11) , A2 (12) , A5 (15) , A6 (16) ) and establishing behaviors according to the patients' living conditions by listening feelings of the relationship with patients and their relatives (A1 (11) ); to develop interaction, bonding and reflection on the health needs of families and to allow a broader view of the determinants of the health-disease process, including socioeconomic, environmental, physical and emotional health (A2 (12) , A3 (13) , A5 (15) , A3 (16); in the extra class spaces, the student experiences the facts and presents more conditions to make the diagnosis and the treatment appropriate to the reality of the patients; Encouraging the student to become a more autonomous subject in the process of formation in contexts of uncertainties and complexities (A3 (13) ); it allows students to develop hypotheses, socialize and become active subjects in the construction of their knowledge, to promote meaningful learning (A4 (14) ); to allow the attachment of the student to the family and promotes the humanization of care, based on the affective and trusting relationship (A6 (16) ). Regarding the weaknesses, the studies present different factors, such as a feeling of impotence in the social needs of the patients, in which the possibility of interdisciplinary and cross-sectorial attention is not known as mediator of the health care and difficulty of understanding the student´s role as facilitator of the family bond (A (11) ); need for greater organization and planning of the home visit (A2 (12) ); home visits are sporadic and of short duration, often carried out focusing on the individual and not on the family. Moreover, they do not enable to establish a social commitment and to create strong bonds, since the student´s involvement with the family is of short duration (A5 (15) , A6 (16) ).…”

“…VI A2 (12) Analyzing on the visits made by medical and nursing students from the perspective of the patients of family health units. D e s c r i p t ive , ex p l o ra to r y, qualitative in nature.…”

Medical Student in the Family Health Strategy on the First Years of College: Perception of Graduates

“…In relation to the house visits undertaken by the students in the early years of the course, a study carried out at the same institution with a view to ascertaining the views of users, revealed that although the vision of care focused on the illness, they indicated a set of attributes that went beyond the care of a biological body, including the importance of interpersonal relations in the context of health care, the need for listening, for care, for guidance and for being concerned about providing answers and referrals for the identified needs (10) .…”

<b>Práticas de cuidado de enfermeiros e agentes comunitários de saúde da estratégia saúde da família / Health practices of nurses and community health agents of the family health strategy

“…Ainda, visa atender as diferentes necessidades de saúde, preocupandose com a infraestrutura (habitação, higiene, saneamento, entre outros) existente nas comunidades, o ambiente sociocultural e o atendimento à saúde das famílias (16)(17) . Conforme os relatos dos participantes, foi possível definir a visita domiciliar como atividade tanto assistencial quanto educativa voltada para o cuidado.…”