Oak seedling growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization are less in eastern hemlock stands infested with hemlock woolly adelgid than in adjacent oak stands

Licitra, Jeff; Tuininga, Amy R.; Sirulnik, Abby G.; Turner, Gregory D.; Johnson, Jacqui

doi:10.1093/treephys/28.4.629

Cited by 31 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Future changes in nutrient cycling patterns and processes on these sites may also result in vegetation responses. In the state of New York, Lewis et al (2008) experimentally planted red oak seedlings in declining hemlock stands. Oak seedlings in hemlock stands had lower root tip density, mycorrhizae colonization, and morphotype richness than those in adjacent oak stands.…”

Section: Nutrient Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemlock Infestation and Mortality: Impacts on Nutrient Pools and Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Knoepp

Vose

Clinton

et al. 2011

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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E astern hemlock is a major component of riparian forests in the southern Appalachian Mountains (Narayanaraj et al., 2010). As the dominant conifer in riparian areas, this species plays an important role in regulating nutrient cycling processes and climatic conditions in both terrestrial and aquatic environments (Ellison et al., 2005). Th e hemlock woolly adelgid (Homoptera: Adelgidae), an exotic pest, was introduced to the mid-Atlantic region of North America from Asia in the 1950s and has spread throughout most of the range of eastern hemlock, moving north toward Canada and to the southern Appalachians. Pontius et al. (2006) examined the mortality of eastern hemlock following infestation with HWA and found that some trees can live for >10 yr following infestation. From county-level data on the spread of HWA, Evans and Gregoire (2007) found the rate of spread in Pennsylvania and north was 8.13 km yr −1 , while the rate of spread in the south was greater: 15.6 km yr −1 . Th e diff erence was attributed to colder temperatures in the north. Morin et al. (2009) modeled the spread of HWA north and south. While they concurred that spread to the north was limited by temperature, they concluded that the rate of spread to the south and west was related to host density. Indeed, in the southern part of hemlock's natural range, infestations were fi rst observed in the early 2000s and the rate of spread and mortality have been much faster than observed in northern areas Nuckolls et al., 2009 Eastern hemlock [Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carrière] trees serve an important ecological role in riparian ecosystems in the southern Appalachians. Signifi cant hemlock mortality is occurring due to infestation by the hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA) (Adelges tsugae Annand), a non-native invasive pest. Our objective was to quantify the impacts of HWA and hemlock mortality on nutrient cycling pools and processes. In 2004, we established eight research plots in riparian areas with >50% basal area in hemlock and four reference plots in riparian areas without hemlock (hardwood). All hemlock plots were infested with HWA. In four of the hemlock plots, all hemlock trees were girdled to induce defoliation and rapid mortality. By fall 2006, there was 90 and 10% mortality in the girdled and nongirdled hemlock plots, respectively. Measurements included soil temperature and moisture, nutrient pools, N transformations, litterfall and forest fl oor amount and chemistry, and throughfall and soil solution chemistry. From 2004 to 2008, litterfall composition changed, with an initial increase in the hemlock needle percentage followed by a decline. Hemlock plots had cooler spring soil temperatures than hardwood plots. Hemlock plots had greater surface soil and forest fl oor total C than hardwood plots; soil C content did not change during the 4 yr of measurement. Th ere were no diff erences in N mineralization rates or soil solution N concentrations among treatments. Diff erences between litterfall and forest fl oor nutrient contents in hemlock and hardwood plots ...

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Section: Nutrient Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hemlock Infestation and Mortality: Impacts on Nutrient Pools and Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Knoepp

Vose

Clinton

et al. 2011

Soil Science Society of America Journal

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“…This has further implications for post-hemlock hardwood regeneration. Lewis et al (2008) also found that oak seedling dry mass was significantly lower in areas where ectomycorrhizal fungi were reduced or absent, thus suggesting reduced efficiency for future forest regeneration.…”

Section: Ecological Impact Of Eastern Hemlock Lossmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Soil ectomycorrhizal root-tip density and morphotype diversity were reduced by 63 and 27%, respectively; in eastern hemlock stands that suffered HWA infestation (Lewis et al 2008). This has further implications for post-hemlock hardwood regeneration.…”

Section: Ecological Impact Of Eastern Hemlock Lossmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluating a potential area-wide IPM strategy for managing hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

Sumpter¹

2016

2016 International Congress of Entomology

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(Academic)Use of imidacloprid has been found to be highly effective in suppressing hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae). Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae) is a predator released as a biological control in the eastern U.S. This project was designed to develop a pest management strategy that utilizes both tactics concurrently within the same site. It will assess the efficacy of this strategy in reducing HWA populations and improving the health of hemlock forests. The

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“…Northern red oak ( Quercus rubra L.) is a common replacement species in the eastern USA for declining hemlock stands. However, oaks may grow more slowly in such situations than in typical oak stands due the reduced mycorrhizal inoculum potential in infested hemlock stands [44]. While the increased eastern hemlock mortality due to HWA infestation would immediately decrease forest water use, the red oak, once established, could consume twice the amount of water [45] and increase summertime water use, reduce aquatic habitat, and decrease stream flow and rates of water input to lakes and reservoirs [45].…”

Section: Ecological Impacts Of Hwa In Southern Appalachian Mountainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies

Letheren

Hill

Salie

et al. 2017

IJERPH

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Hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae Annand, HWA) remains the single greatest threat to the health and sustainability of hemlock in the eastern USA. The loss of hemlock trees leads to further negative impacts on the diversity and stability of ecosystems in the eastern part of North America. It is, therefore, urgent to develop effective control measures to reduce HWA populations and promote overall hemlock health. Currently available individual and integrated approaches should continue to be evaluated in the laboratory and in the field along with the development of other new and innovative methods.

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Oak seedling growth and ectomycorrhizal colonization are less in eastern hemlock stands infested with hemlock woolly adelgid than in adjacent oak stands

Cited by 31 publications

References 60 publications

Hemlock Infestation and Mortality: Impacts on Nutrient Pools and Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Hemlock Infestation and Mortality: Impacts on Nutrient Pools and Cycling in Appalachian Forests

Evaluating a potential area-wide IPM strategy for managing hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

A Little Bug with a Big Bite: Impact of Hemlock Woolly Adelgid Infestations on Forest Ecosystems in the Eastern USA and Potential Control Strategies

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