Obesity and ADHD may represent different manifestations of a common environmental oversampling syndrome: a model for revealing mechanistic overlap among cognitive, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders

Bazar, Kimberly A.; Yun, Anthony J.; Lee, Patrick Y.; Daniel, Stephanie M.; Doux, John D.

doi:10.1016/j.mehy.2005.02.042

Cited by 67 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…Preliminary evidence suggests that common neurobiological factors might be involved. Alterations in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) 10 and, to a less extent, DRD4 [37][38][39] have been associated with the above-mentioned 'reward deficiency syndrome', which include abnormal eating behaviors. Several studies suggest a role of altered DRD4 and DRD2 in ADHD as well (although the alterations in DRD2 has not been replicated in other studies).…”

Section: Adhd and Bulimic Symptoms In Obese Children S Cortese Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents

et al. 2006

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Objective: Preliminary evidence suggests a comorbidity between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and obesity. This study was carried out to identify the clinical characteristics of obese adolescents with a higher probability of ADHD and advance the understanding of the potential factors underlying the comorbidity between obesity and ADHD. We evaluated the association between ADHD symptoms and bulimic behaviors, depressive and anxiety symptoms, degree of obesity, pubertal stage, age and gender in a clinical sample of obese adolescents. Design: Cross-sectional study. Subjects: Ninety-nine severely obese adolescents aged 12-17 years. Measurements: Subjects filled out the Bulimic Investigatory Test, Edinburgh, the Beck Depression Inventory and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children. Their parents completed the Conners Parent Rating Scale, which assesses ADHD symptoms. The degree of overweight was expressed as body mass index-z score. Puberty development was clinically assessed on the basis of Tanner stages. Results: Bulimic behaviors were significantly associated with ADHD symptoms after controlling for depressive and anxiety symptoms. The degree of overweight, pubertal stage, age and gender were not significantly associated with ADHD symptoms. Conclusion: Obese adolescents with bulimic behaviors may have a higher probability to present with ADHD symptoms independently from associated depressive or anxiety symptoms. The degree of overweight, pubertal stage, age and gender might not be useful for detecting obese adolescents with ADHD symptoms. Therefore, we suggest systematic screening for ADHD in obese adolescents with bulimic behaviors. Further studies are needed to understand which specific dimension of ADHD primarily accounts for the association with bulimic behaviors. Future research should also investigate the causal link between bulimic behaviors and ADHD and explore potential common neurobiological alterations. This may lead to a better understanding of the effectiveness of stimulants for the treatment of bulimic behaviors in obese subjects.

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Section: Adhd and Bulimic Symptoms In Obese Children S Cortese Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bazar et al 10 reported several hypotheses, suggesting that obesity and ADHD may share etiologic pathways. Among the potential mechanisms linking ADHD and obesity, the 'reward deficiency syndrome' may play a key role.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents

et al. 2006

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“…34 Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and obesity may share common underlying biological mechanisms. 35 The reward deficiency syndrome has been described, 36 characterised by insufficient dopamine-related natural reward resulting in the use of unnatural rewards such as substance use, risk taking and eating. Levitan et al 37 hypothesised a common biological dysfunction of the 7R allele of DRD4 associated with dopamine dysfunction in prefrontal attentional areas and brain circuits involved in the reward pathways.…”

Section: Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Childhood psychological function and obesity risk across the lifecourse: findings from the 1970 British Cohort Study

White¹,

Nicholls

Christie³

et al. 2012

Int J Obes

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BACKGROUND: Psychological comorbidities of obesity are well recognised. However, the role of childhood psychological problems in the aetiology of later obesity has been little studied. DESIGN: Secondary analyses of a national birth cohort (1970 British Cohort Study). Analysis: Logistic regression models to predict obesity risk at 26, 30 and 34 years related to hypothesised predictors: maternal and teacher reported child psychological function at 5 and 10 years (general behavioural, conduct, emotional or attentional/hyperactivity problems) and maternal psychological function. RESULTS: General behavioural problems at age 5 years increased the risk of obesity at 30 and 34 years. Persistence of these problems through childhood further increased the obesity risk. Inattention/hyperactivity at 10 years similarly increased risk of obesity at 30 years (adjusted odds ratios (AOR) 1.3). Chronic conduct problems at 5 and 10 years also increased the obesity risk at 30 years (AOR 1.6 (1.1, 2.4) Po0.05). Childhood emotional disorders and maternal psychological function were not associated with adult obesity. CONCLUSION: Children with early and persistent behavioural problems, particularly conduct problems, hyperactivity and inattention in early and mid-childhood are at an increased risk of obesity in adult life. The promotion of child and adolescent mental health and well-being may form an important part of future obesity prevention strategies. The promotion of healthy eating and activity should form part of secondary prevention and management strategies for children with disruptive behaviour disorders.

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“…3,4 Importantly, obesity appears to be comorbid with disease states characterized by cognitive impairment, for example, attentiondeficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). 5 It is hypothesized that an integral prefrontal cortical function, especially in the right hemisphere, might be critical for appetite and eating control, as well as for better long-term adherence to therapeutic interventions. 2,6 We have recently shown that clinically established ADHD drugs increase acetylcholine (ACh) efflux preferentially in the medial PFC of rats, a neurochemical effect that may be related to their therapeutic action.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral administration of the antiobesity drugs, sibutramine and rimonabant, increases acetylcholine efflux selectively in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat

Davis

Nomikos

2008

Mol Psychiatry

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Obesity and ADHD may represent different manifestations of a common environmental oversampling syndrome: a model for revealing mechanistic overlap among cognitive, metabolic, and inflammatory disorders

Cited by 67 publications

References 60 publications

Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents

Association between symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and bulimic behaviors in a clinical sample of severely obese adolescents

Childhood psychological function and obesity risk across the lifecourse: findings from the 1970 British Cohort Study

Oral administration of the antiobesity drugs, sibutramine and rimonabant, increases acetylcholine efflux selectively in the medial prefrontal cortex of the rat

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