Obesity and Dietary Added Sugar Interact to Affect Postprandial GLP-1 and Its Relationship to Striatal Responses to Food Cues and Feeding Behavior

Jones, Sabrina; Luo, Shan; Dorton, Hilary M.; Yunker, Alexandra G.; Angelo, Brendan; DeFendis, Alexis; Monterosso, John; Page, Kathleen A.

doi:10.3389/fendo.2021.638504

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…Together, these findings suggest an increased preferential response to low-calorie foods. Interestingly, in line with these results, a recent observational study found a positive correlation between endogenous circulating GLP-1 and dorsal striatal responsiveness to low-calorie food cues, and a negative correlation between GLP-1 and dorsal striatal responding to high-calorie food cues ( 31 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Brain Activation in Response to Low-Calorie Food Pictures: An Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Trial With Dapagliflozin and Exenatide

Ruiten¹,

Veltman²,

Nieuwdorp

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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Background and AimSodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) induce less weight loss than expected. This may be explained by SGLT2i-induced alterations in central reward and satiety circuits, contributing to increased appetite and food intake. This hyperphagia may be specific to high-calorie foods. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are associated with lower preferences for high-calorie foods, and with decreased activation in areas regulating satiety and reward in response to high-calorie food pictures, which may reflect this lower preference for energy-dense foods. To optimize treatment, we need a better understanding of how intake is controlled, and how [(un)healthy] food choices are made. The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dapagliflozin, exenatide, and their combination on brain activation in response to low-calorie food pictures.MethodsWe performed an exploratory analysis of a larger, 16-week, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Sixty-eight subjects with obesity and type 2 diabetes were randomized to dapagliflozin, exenatide, dapagliflozin plus exenatide, or double placebo. Using functional MRI, the effects of treatments on brain responses to low-calorie food pictures were assessed after 10 days and 16 weeks.ResultsDapagliflozin versus placebo decreased activity in response to low-calorie food pictures, in the caudate nucleus, insula, and amygdala after 10 days, and in the insula after 16 weeks. Exenatide versus placebo increased activation in the putamen in response to low-calorie food pictures after 10 days, but not after 16 weeks. Dapagliflozin plus exenatide versus placebo had no effect on brain responses, but after 10 days dapagliflozin plus exenatide versus dapagliflozin increased activity in the insula and amygdala in response to low-calorie food pictures.ConclusionDapagliflozin decreased activation in response to low-calorie food pictures, which may reflect a specific decreased preference for low-calorie foods, in combination with the previously found increased activation in response to high-calorie foods, which may reflect a specific preference for high-calorie foods, and may hamper SGLT2i-induced weight loss. Exenatide treatment increased activation in response to low-calorie foods. Combination treatment may lead to more favorable brain responses to low-calorie food cues, as we observed that the dapagliflozin-induced decreased response to low-calorie food pictures had disappeared.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Brain Activation in Response to Low-Calorie Food Pictures: An Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Trial With Dapagliflozin and Exenatide

Ruiten¹,

Veltman²,

Nieuwdorp

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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“…Adult participants were included from the volunteers in the Brain Response to Sugar studies (Dorton et al, 2018;Jones et al, 2021;Yunker et al, 2021). One hundred and nineteen youth and young adults between the ages of 16-35 years old with no history of eating disorders, diabetes, or other medical disorders, all of whom were students at the University of Southern California or were living in the surrounding area, were included.…”

Section: Participantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationships between physical activity, healthy eating and cortical thickness in children and young adults

Angelo

DeFendis

Yau

et al. 2022

Brain Imaging and Behavior

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Prior neuroimaging studies have shown associations between healthy lifestyle factors and cortical thickness measurements; however, results on the direction of the association between cortical thickness, a measure of gray matter width, and healthy lifestyle factors have been inconsistent. While the majority of studies were performed in older adults within speci c weight status categories, little has been reported in younger populations with a range of adiposity, including groups with healthy-weight, overweight and obesity. Here we investigated relationships between indices of physical activity (PA) and healthy eating with cortical thickness in children and young adults and examined whether these relationships differed by weight status and age groups.Study participants included 119 young adults and 159 children. We hypothesized that greater levels of PA and/or healthy eating index (HEI) composite scores would be positively associated with cortical thickness across age groups, and that this association would differ in overweight or obese groups versus normal weight groups. Overall PA (minutes/day) was assessed using 24-hour PA recalls. HEI was calculated to assess diet quality. A structural MRI was performed, and FreeSurfer 6.0 was used to assess cortical thickness in 68 regions of interest (ROI). Mixed effects modeling was performed to investigate associations of PA or HEI with cortical thickness. FDR corrections were applied for multiple ROIs. PA was positively associated with cortical thickness in the caudal middle frontal cortex (FDR adjusted p = 0.042) and cuneus cortex (FDR adjusted p = 0.017), after controlling for sex, age group and weight status. When strati ed by age, in young adults, higher time spent in PA was associated with greater cortical thickness in the frontal, temporal, parietal and occipital cortex, after adjusting for sex and weight group (FDR adjusted ps < 0.05). No signi cant associations between PA and cortical thickness were observed in children. No signi cant associations between HEI and cortical thickness were observed. These results indicate that higher time spent in PA is associated with greater cortical thickness, a relationship that appears to be stronger during young adulthood and may be related to more favorable brain health outcomes.

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“…In addition, protein absorption consumes more energy than carbohydrates and fat, which leads to less energy storage [30,31]. High protein foods also provide a higher level of satiety [29] by increasing satiety-inducing hormones, such as peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1, and inhibiting hunger hormones [32,33], thus leading to reduced food intake among pregnant women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association between Dietary Patterns and Pre-Pregnancy BMI with Gestational Weight Gain: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort

Gao

et al. 2022

Nutrients

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The reported associations of maternal dietary patterns during pregnancy with gestational weight gain are inconsistent, especially among the less studied Asian Chinese populations. In a prospective pre-birth cohort study conducted in northern China, we determined the associations between maternal dietary patterns and the probability of excess gestational weight gain (EGWG) among 1026 pregnant women. We used 3-day food diaries to assess maternal diet and performed principal component analysis to identify dietary patterns. Maternal adherence to a traditional pattern, which was characterized by a higher intake of tubers, vegetables, fruits, red meat, and rice, was associated with a higher probability of EGWG (quartile 3 vs. quartile 1, odds ratio [OR] = 1.62, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10−2.38). This risk association was more pronounced among women who were overweight/obese before pregnancy (quartile 4 vs. quartile 1, OR = 5.17, 95% CI = 1.45–18.46; p for interaction < 0.01). Maternal adherence to a high protein pattern, which was characterized by a higher intake of fried foods, beans and bean products, dairy products, and fruits, was associated with a lower risk of EGWG (quartile 3 vs. quartile 1, OR = 0.56, 95% CI, 0.39−0.81). The protective association was more pronounced among non-overweight/obese women (p for interaction < 0.01). These findings may help to develop interventions and better define target populations for EGWG prevention.

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Obesity and Dietary Added Sugar Interact to Affect Postprandial GLP-1 and Its Relationship to Striatal Responses to Food Cues and Feeding Behavior

Cited by 10 publications

References 37 publications

Brain Activation in Response to Low-Calorie Food Pictures: An Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Trial With Dapagliflozin and Exenatide

Brain Activation in Response to Low-Calorie Food Pictures: An Explorative Analysis of a Randomized Trial With Dapagliflozin and Exenatide

Relationships between physical activity, healthy eating and cortical thickness in children and young adults

The Association between Dietary Patterns and Pre-Pregnancy BMI with Gestational Weight Gain: The “Born in Shenyang” Cohort

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