Obesity and Prostate Cancer: A Role for Adipokines

Mistry, Tına; Digby, Janet E.; Desai, Ken; Randeva, Harpal S.

doi:10.1016/j.eururo.2007.03.054

Cited by 149 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Dysregulation of leptin and/or adiponectin is related to obesity and metabolic syndrome in humans and has been implicated as a risk factor for prostate cancer incidence and progression. 6,[21][22][23][24][25] Adipokines have cell-cycle accelerating and arresting qualities through autocrine and paracrine effects. With respect to prostate cancer, adipokines may exert a paracrine effect on localized disease due to excess adipokine secretion from the retropubic, periprostatic fat pad.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…With respect to prostate cancer, adipokines may exert a paracrine effect on localized disease due to excess adipokine secretion from the retropubic, periprostatic fat pad. 23 The adipokines, in particular adiponectin and leptin, work in mutually antagonistic ways, with leptin being mitogenic and adiponectin being anti-mitogenic. Therefore, the ideal systemic adaptation for cancer patients would involve relative reductions in leptin and increases in adiponectin, changes that are concomitant with fat loss.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: A randomized study

Mina

Connor²,

Alibhai³

et al. 2013

CUAJ

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Background: Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has significant deleterious effects on body composition that may be accompanied by unfavourable changes in adipokine levels. While exercise has been shown to improve a number of side effects associated with ADT for prostate cancer, no studies have assessed the effect of exercise on adiponectin and leptin levels, which have been shown to alter the mitogenic environment. Methods: Twenty-six men with prostate cancer treated with ADT were randomized to home-based aerobic exercise training or resistance exercise training for 24 weeks. Adiponectin, leptin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) were analyzed by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), in addition to physical activity volume, peak aerobic capacity, and anthropometric measurements, at baseline, 3 months and 6 months. Results: Resistance exercise significantly reduced IGF-1 after 3 months (p = 0.019); however, this change was not maintained at 6 months. At 6 months, IGFBP-3 was significantly increased compared to baseline for the resistance training group (p = 0.044).In an exploratory analysis of all exercisers, favourable changes in body composition and aerobic fitness were correlated with favourable levels of leptin, and favourable leptin:adiponectin and IGF-1:IGFBP-3 ratios at 3 and 6 months. Conclusions: Home-based exercise is correlated with positive changes in adipokine levels and the IGF-axis that may be related to healthy changes in physical fitness and body composition. While the improvements of adipokine markers appear to be more apparent with resistance training compared to aerobic exercise, these findings must be considered cautiously and require replication from larger randomized controlled trials to clarify the role of exercise on adipokines and IGF-axis proteins for men with prostate cancer.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: A randomized study

Mina

Connor²,

Alibhai³

et al. 2013

CUAJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…8,9 Several case-control studies have documented that lower levels of adiponectin are associated with increased incidence and aggressiveness of PC. [10][11][12][13][14] However, the mechanisms responsible for the tumorsuppressive effects of adiponectin are not clear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adiponectin inhibits oxidative stress in human prostate carcinoma cells

et al. 2012

Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis

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BACKGROUND: Emerging data suggest that obesity increases the risk of aggressive prostate cancer (PC), but the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain to be fully elucidated. Oxidative stress (OS) is a key process in the development and progression of PC. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-specific hormone, circulates at relatively high levels in healthy humans, but at reduced levels in obese subjects. Moreover, case-control studies also document lower levels of serum adiponectin in PC patients compared with healthy individuals. METHODS:Human 22Rv1 and DU-145 PC cell lines were examined for the generation of OS and detoxification of reactive oxygen species after treatment with adiponectin. Normality was confirmed using the Shapiro-Wilk test and results were analyzed using a one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS:We demonstrate that adiponectin increased cellular anti-oxidative defense mechanisms and inhibited OS in a significant and dose-dependent manner. We show that adiponectin treatment decreased the generation of superoxide anion in both cell lines, whereas the transcript levels of NADPH oxidase (NOX)2 and NOX4 increased. We also found indications of an overall anti-oxidative effect, as the total anti-oxidative potential, catalase activity and protein levels, and manganese superoxide dismutase protein levels increased significantly (Po0.05) in both cell lines after treatment with adiponectin.CONCLUSION: Lower levels of adiponectin in obese individuals may result in higher levels of prostatic OS, which may explain the clinical association between obesity, hypoadiponectinemia and PC.

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“…Several studies showed a strong association between overweight or obesity in men and the increasing incidence of prostate cancer, metabolic imbalances after prostate surgery or radiotherapy, complications after hormone therapy and deaths in obese prostate cancer patients as compared to their normal weight counterparts [45]. Biochemical changes linked to the incidence of prostate cancer have been characterized by the increase in adipokines and represented in the high levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and high blood levels of insulin and estrogen and low levels of adiponectin and androgen [46].…”

Section: Obesity-cancer Connectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

Faris¹

2015

AOWMC

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Obesity is one of the most prevalent nutritional diseases, associated with chronic morbidity and mortality. Persuasive evidence indicates a striking association between obesity and incidence of common neoplasms, such as those of the esophagus, endometrium, kidney and breast in post menopause women, prostate in men, in addition to colon, rectum and bladder. Such an association has been supported by clinical and laboratory experiments on humans and animals, respectively. The findings have revealed that obesity and increased body fatness, in general and visceral adiposity, in particular, increase the vulnerability to develop different cancers. Although the impact of obesity in cancer progression differs according to the type of cancer, all the obesity-related cancers are centered around body adiposity. This review highlights the different hormonal, biochemical and molecular changes that might be involved in obesity-related cancers. Increased serum insulin, insulin-like growth factor, steroids "sex hormones" and the disturbances in adiponectin and leptin hormones are included. Biochemical and metabolic changes that mediate obesity-related carcinogenesis involving elevated oxidative stress and inflammation levels in the body and the concomitant increment in circulatory proinflammatory cytokines are discussed.

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Obesity and Prostate Cancer: A Role for Adipokines

Cited by 149 publications

References 43 publications

Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: A randomized study

Exercise effects on adipokines and the IGF axis in men with prostate cancer treated with androgen deprivation: A randomized study

Adiponectin inhibits oxidative stress in human prostate carcinoma cells

Obesity and Cancer: What’s the Interconnection?

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