Obesity and the placenta: A consideration of nutrient exchange mechanisms in relation to aberrant fetal growth

Higgins, Lucy; Greenwood, Susan; Wareing, Mark; Sibley, Colin P.; Mills, Thomas M.

doi:10.1016/j.placenta.2010.09.019

Cited by 100 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Placenta vascular dysfunction, which is more prevalent in obese pregnancies, could lead to nutrient and oxygen restriction to which the fetus adapts. 32 After birth in an environment with abundance of food, these adaptations could have detrimental consequences for blood pressure regulation. 33 As expected, child BMI was positively associated with blood pressure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Their Children’s Blood Pressure and Resting Cardiac Autonomic Balance at Age 5 to 6 Years

Gademan

Eijsden²,

Roseboom³

et al. 2013

Hypertension

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Adverse intrauterine conditions can program hypertension. Because one of the underlying mechanisms is thought to be cardiac autonomic balance, we investigated the association between prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure and indicators of the autonomic balance in the child at age 5 to 6 years. Also investigated was whether these associations were mediated by standardized birth weight and child BMI. Pregnant women (n=3074) participating in the Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study completed a questionnaire at gestational week 14. At age 5 to 6 years, offspring’s sympathetic drive (pre-ejection period), parasympathetic drive (respiratory sinus arrhythmia), and heart rate were measured by electrocardiography and impedance cardiography at rest. Blood pressure was assessed simultaneously. After adjusting for possible maternal/offspring confounders, prepregnancy BMI was positively linearly associated with diastolic blood pressure (β=0.11 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.05–0.17), systolic blood pressure (β=0.14 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.07–0.21), but not with heart rate, sympathetic or parasympathetic drive. After adding birth weight and child BMI to the model, the independent effect size of prepregnancy body mass index on systolic blood pressure (β=0.07 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.00–0.14) and diastolic blood pressure (β=0.07 mm Hg; 95% confidence interval, 0.01–0.13) decreased by ≈50%. Birth weight did not mediate these relationships, but was independently and negatively associated with blood pressure. Child BMI was positively associated with blood pressure and partly mediated the association between prepregnancy BMI and blood pressure. In conclusion, higher prepregnancy BMI is associated with higher blood pressure in the child (aged 5–6 years) but does not seem to be attributable to early alterations in resting cardiac autonomic balance. Child BMI, but not birth weight, mediated the association between prepregnancy BMI and blood pressure.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Their Children’s Blood Pressure and Resting Cardiac Autonomic Balance at Age 5 to 6 Years

Gademan

Eijsden²,

Roseboom³

et al. 2013

Hypertension

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“…Among the types of extragenital pathology in obstetric practice, obesity in pregnant and parturient woman is of considerable importance, because the incidence of various complications in women with excessive body weight 2-3 times surpasses than in women with normal body weight [4,9].…”

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confidence: 99%

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its Receptors in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Obesity

et al. 2011

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Comparative morphological study of placentas from women with obesity and normal body weight was performed. Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3) was detected by immunohistochemical methods. Nonbranching angiogenesis predominated in the placentas from obese women. Immunohistochemical analysis showed reduced intensity of the reaction to VEGF in the syncytiotrophoblast and vascular endothelium of stem villi and enhanced VEGF expression in non-villous cytotrophoblast and endothelial cells of capillaries of mature intermediate and terminal villi; reduced expression of VEGFR-1 and increased levels of VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 in the studied structures were also noted.

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“…These women and their babies are at high risk of pregnancy complications, and of programming for metabolic disease in adult life [17]. In particular, maternal obesity is associated with disturbed fetal growth [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite an increased activity of SOD, it was observed an increased lipoperoxidation, resulting to oxidative stress. This status contributes to metabolic abnormalities that are associated to intense nutrient oxidation [18], contributing to impaired embryofetal growth and development. The hypercaloric free intake associated or not with increased oxidative stress may be related to some anomalies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Maternal Over-nutrition during Pregnancy on Maternal Oxidative Stress and Fetal Skeletal/Visceral Anomalies of the Rats

Damasceno¹

2016

J Nutr Disorders Ther

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Obesity and the placenta: A consideration of nutrient exchange mechanisms in relation to aberrant fetal growth

Cited by 100 publications

References 113 publications

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Their Children’s Blood Pressure and Resting Cardiac Autonomic Balance at Age 5 to 6 Years

Maternal Prepregnancy Body Mass Index and Their Children’s Blood Pressure and Resting Cardiac Autonomic Balance at Age 5 to 6 Years

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and its Receptors in the Placenta of Pregnant Women with Obesity

Impact of Maternal Over-nutrition during Pregnancy on Maternal Oxidative Stress and Fetal Skeletal/Visceral Anomalies of the Rats

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