Impact of Maternal Over-nutrition during Pregnancy on Maternal Oxidative Stress and Fetal Skeletal/Visceral Anomalies of the Rats

Damasceno, Débora Cristina

doi:10.4172/2161-0509.1000185

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(27 reference statements)

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“…The availability of nutrients to the fetus depends on placental supply and maternal nutrition. Maternal nutrition, food supply and metabolism during pregnancy and lactation have therefore marked implications on child development and long-term health 187,188…”

Section: The Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease (Foad) Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Maternal obesity is therefore associated with metabolic alterations and dysregulation of redox balance in the mother-placenta-fetus unit 198. In addition, both maternal malnutrition and overeating are associated with OS and DNA methylation of selected gene promoter regions 188,193,195–198. Diet composition plays an important role in this regard: WDs,33,43,44,76 high-sucrose diets,42,77 diets with a high GL41 and high-fructose diets78 produce high levels of ROS and OS.…”

Section: The Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease (Foad) Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

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How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases

Köpp¹

2019

DMSO

497

308

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Westernized populations are plagued by a plethora of chronic non-infectious degenerative diseases, termed as “civilization diseases”, like obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, autoimmune diseases, Alzheimer's disease and many more, diseases which are rare or virtually absent in hunter-gatherers and other non-westernized populations. There is a growing awareness that the cause of this amazing discrepancy lies in the profound changes in diet and lifestyle during recent human history. This paper shows that the transition from Paleolithic nutrition to Western diets, along with lack of corresponding genetic adaptations, cause significant distortions of the fine-tuned metabolism that has evolved over millions of years of human evolution in adaptation to Paleolithic diets. With the increasing spread of Western diet and lifestyle worldwide, overweight and civilization diseases are also rapidly increasing in developing countries. It is suggested that the diet-related key changes in the developmental process include an increased production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress, development of hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance, low-grade inflammation and an abnormal activation of the sympathetic nervous system and the renin-angiotensin system, all of which play pivotal roles in the development of diseases of civilization. In addition, diet-related epigenetic changes and fetal programming play an important role. The suggested pathomechanism is also able to explain the well-known but not completely understood close relationship between obesity and the wide range of comorbidities, like type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, etc., as diseases of the same etiopathology. Changing our lifestyle in accordance with our genetic makeup, including diet and physical activity, may help prevent or limit the development of these diseases.

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Section: The Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease (Foad) Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease (Foad) Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases

Köpp¹

2019

DMSO

497

308

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“…Los patrones de osificación son similares en el humano y en la rata, los huesos se originan por osificación membranosa o endocondral, procesos controlados por factores genéticos y ambientales 26 . El esqueleto fetal se considera un indicador útil del desarrollo embrionario al reflejar las alteraciones del ambiente intrauterino 26 , 27 . En fetos de ratas con enfermedades de origen metabólico, como la diabetes, se ha comprobado el retardo en la osificación del esqueleto 21 , 22 .…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones del crecimiento en fetos de ratas con diabetes moderada

Gómez¹,

García²,

Bequer³

et al. 2021

biomedica

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Introducción. En la actualidad, la diabetes mellitus representa una de las condiciones médicas que complica el embarazo con mayor frecuencia, lo que afecta el crecimiento y el desarrollo fetal.Objetivo. Determinar las malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones en el crecimiento en fetos de ratas Wistar diabéticas.Materiales y métodos. Se utilizó un modelo de diabetes moderada inducida neonatalmente con estreptozotocina (STZ 100 mg/kg de peso corporal, por vía subcutánea) en ratas Wistar. En la adultez, las ratas sanas y diabéticas se aparearon con machos sanos de la misma edad y cepa. El día 20 de gestación se practicó la cesárea bajo anestesia. Se extrajeron los fetos, se pesaron y clasificaron como pequeños (PAG), adecuados (AEG) o grandes (GEG) para la edad gestacional. Los fetos seleccionados se procesaron para el análisis de anomalías esqueléticas y sitios de osificación.Resultados. En la descendencia de las ratas diabéticas, hubo un mayor porcentaje de fetos clasificados como pequeños o grandes y un menor porcentaje de fetos con peso adecuado; el promedio de peso fetal fue menor y había menos sitios de osificación. Se observaron alteraciones en la osificación de cráneo, esternón, columna vertebral, costillas y extremidades anteriores y posteriores; y también, hubo una correlación directa entre el peso y el grado de osificación fetal. Hubo malformaciones congénitas asociadas con la fusión y bifurcación de las costillas, así como cambios indicativos de hidrocefalia, como la forma de domo del cráneo, una amplia distancia entre los parietales y la anchura de las fontanelas anterior y posterior.Conclusión. La diabetes moderada durante la gestación altera el crecimiento y el desarrollo fetal, que se ve afectado tanto por macrosomía y la restricción del crecimiento intrauterino como por malformaciones esqueléticas.

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“…Both in human and animal models, overfeeding with WDs can lead to an adverse metabolic profile and a tendency towards obesity, IR and related diseases in adulthood. 93,96,97,101 In addition, Western-style diets can increase the ß-cell mass in the offspring and cause insulin hypersecretion. 102,103 Maternal hyperglycemia in particular is a major risk factor for fetal programming.…”

Section: The Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease (Foad) Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the maternal diet and the metabolism during pregnancy have a significant impact on fetal development and long-term health. 96 , 97 Epigenetic dysregulation has been reported to mediate the effects of early nutrition on adult disease susceptibility. 89 , 90 , 93 , 98 In an overfeeding-based rat model, exposure to maternal obesity resulted in changes in DNA methylation of pro-adipogenic genes in adipose tissue in the offspring, preceding the development of obesity.…”

Section: The Fetal Origins Of Adult Disease (Foad) Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Obesity: The Driver and the Passenger

Köpp

2020

DMSO

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Obesity has reached epidemic proportions and is one of the greatest challenges for public health in the twenty-first century. The macronutrient composition of diets, in particular the amount and ratio of carbohydrates, fat and protein, have received considerable attention in recent decades due to its potential relevance to the development of obesity and weight loss. The effects of various macronutrients on body weight regulation are still under debate. High-carbohydrate diets, and particularly high-fat diets, have been blamed for the increase in the prevalence of obesity. This paper shows that neither fat nor carbohydrates are fattening per se. Mixed diets with substantial amounts of fat and high-glycemic carbohydrates, like current WDs, are required to promote weight gain and obesity. High-glycemic carbohydrates are the active partner (the "driver"), which promotes fat storage through its insulinogenic effect, while fat is the passive partner (the "passenger") on the way to obesity. Elevated insulin levels (postprandial, but more importantly due to hypersecretion and hyperinsulinemia) promote fat storage and play a key role in obesogenesis and the obesity epidemic. Furthermore, mixed diets high in high-glycemic carbohydrates and fat promote fetal programming, with long-term adverse impacts on the offspring, including insulin hypersecretion, (childhood) obesity and metabolic diseases. Maternal obesity and high weight gain during pregnancy have also been linked to deleterious effects on fetal programming. As the global obesity epidemic increasingly affects women of reproductive age, a significant percentage of fetuses will experience fetal programming with a tendency towards obesity-a self-reinforcing process that further fuels the epidemic. A change in lifestyle and diet composition is needed to prevent or limit the development of obesity and related diseases.

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Impact of Maternal Over-nutrition during Pregnancy on Maternal Oxidative Stress and Fetal Skeletal/Visceral Anomalies of the Rats

Cited by 4 publications

References 22 publications

<p>How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases</p>

<p>How Western Diet And Lifestyle Drive The Pandemic Of Obesity And Civilization Diseases</p>

Malformaciones esqueléticas y alteraciones del crecimiento en fetos de ratas con diabetes moderada

<p>Development of Obesity: The Driver and the Passenger</p>

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