Obesity, diet and lifestyle in 9-year-old children with parentally reported chronic diseases: findings from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal child cohort study

Fitzgerald, Michael P.; Hennigan, Kerrie; O’Gorman, Clodagh S.; McCarron, Laura

doi:10.1007/s11845-018-1814-1

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Family history, lifestyle, and psychological factors all function in propensity for obesity. The likelihood of becoming obese can be affected by nature and nurture, enhanced by family genetics (propensity to accumulate fat) ( 27 ) or life style (poor dietary or exercise habits) ( 28 ). A child with one obese parent has a three-time risk to become obese as an adult, while when a child’s parents are both obese, this child has a 10-fold risk of future obesity.…”

Section: Pathogenesis Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a complex multifactorial disease that accumulated excess body fat leads to negative effects on health. Obesity continues to accelerate resulting in an unprecedented epidemic that shows no significant signs of slowing down any time soon. Raised body mass index (BMI) is a risk factor for noncommunicable diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders, resulting in dramatic decrease of life quality and expectancy. The main cause of obesity is long-term energy imbalance between consumed calories and expended calories. Here, we explore the biological mechanisms of obesity with the aim of providing actionable treatment strategies to achieve a healthy body weight from nature to nurture. This review summarizes the global trends in obesity with a special focus on the pathogenesis of obesity from genetic factors to epigenetic factors, from social environmental factors to microenvironment factors. Against this background, we discuss several possible intervention strategies to minimize BMI.

show abstract

Section: Pathogenesis Of Obesitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics

2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Obesity is a multifactorial disease and its treatment requires a multidisciplinary approach. Although weight gain could have a genetic component, lifestyle factors are the most important modifiable risk factors [ 1 , 2 ]. In recent years, there has been an increase in portion size and consumption of high-energy foods and a decrease in fruit and vegetable consumption in paediatric populations, in parallel with a reduction in physical activity levels and a rise in sedentary behaviour [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity after a Lifestyle Intervention

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

High rates of childhood obesity require integral treatment with lifestyle modifications that achieve weight loss. We evaluated a lifestyle intervention on nutrient adequacy and diet quality in children and adolescents with abdominal obesity. A randomized controlled trial was performed on 107 participants, assigned either to a usual care group or to an intensive care group that followed a moderate hypocaloric Mediterranean diet and received nutritional education. Intake adequacy was evaluated using Dietary Reference Intakes and diet quality through the Diet Quality Index for Adolescents (DQI-A), the Healthy Lifestyle Diet-Index (HLD-I) and the Mediterranean Diet Quality Index (KIDMED). Both groups achieved a significant reduction in BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS), glucose and total cholesterol levels. Intake of Calcium, Iodine and vitamin D were higher in the intensive care group, with enhanced compliance with recommendations. Higher dietary scores were associated with lower micronutrient inadequacy. DQI-A and HLD-I were significantly higher in the intensive care group vs. usual care group after the treatment. In conclusion, we observed that an intensive lifestyle intervention was able to reduce BMI-SDS in children with abdominal obesity. Furthermore, participants significantly improved dietary indices getting closer to the nutritional recommendations. Therefore, these diet quality indices could be a valid indicator to evaluate micronutrient adequacy.

show abstract

“…Childhood obesity is also associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, and liver disease, among others [16]. In a large cohort study of over 8500 nine-year-old Irish children, a staggering 11.1% of the population reported having a chronic illness that impaired daily living [20]. Children who reported living with chronic diseases were more often overweight or obese (32% prevalence) [20].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a large cohort study of over 8500 nine-year-old Irish children, a staggering 11.1% of the population reported having a chronic illness that impaired daily living [20]. Children who reported living with chronic diseases were more often overweight or obese (32% prevalence) [20]. The negative health effects associated with obesity are not limited to physical outcomes; cognitive function is also decreased in obese children [21,22].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Epidemic of Obesity and Poor Physical Activity Participation: Will We Ever See a Change?

West

Caterini

Banks

et al. 2018

JFMK

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Obesity is a global epidemic, and researchers have been examining its prevalence and impact for decades [1]. In 2016, The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that more than 1.9 billion adults over the age of 18 were overweight, and 650 million of these adults were obese [2]. Worldwide obesity in adults has greatly increased in the last~40 years [2]; a systematic review of over 1700 research studies found that the global proportion of overweight/obese adults increased from 28.8% to 36.9% in males, and 29.8% to 38% in females between 1980 and 2013 [1]. Furthermore, global obesity rates are projected to continue to steadily increase [3].Unfortunately, the epidemic of obesity is not limited to adults; children and adolescents are overweight and obese at alarming levels worldwide, with many countries reporting prevalence rates of 20-35% [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. As seen in adults, the proportion of overweight/obese youth continues to rise [1,12]. Even more concerning is that obesity is becoming a prevalent issue in very young children; the WHO estimates that as of 2016, 41 million children under the age of five are overweight or obese [2]. In one a study of over 2000 four-year-old children from Spain, the prevalence of obesity increased from 5.4% to 10.1% over a two-year follow-up [4]. Obesity during childhood/adolescence drastically increases the probability of obesity in adulthood [13,14]. Early-onset obesity is setting children up for a lifelong risk of obesity-associated complications, as it is now understood that early markers of adult cardiovascular disease begin in childhood [15].Obesity is associated with disorders of almost every system in the body [16]. For example, adults with obesity have increased incidence of cardiovascular disease, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension [17][18][19]. Childhood obesity is also associated with hypertension, insulin resistance, and liver disease, among others [16]. In a large cohort study of over 8500 nine-year-old Irish children, a staggering 11.1% of the population reported having a chronic illness that impaired daily living [20]. Children who reported living with chronic diseases were more often overweight or obese (32% prevalence) [20]. The negative health effects associated with obesity are not limited to physical outcomes; cognitive function is also decreased in obese children [21,22]. For example, a recent study examined the association of adiposity with achievement and cognitive function in obese children aged 7-9 years old vs. normal-weight children [23]. Compared to normal-weight children, children who were obese had lower performance on tests of reading and math. In the obese children, higher visceral adipose tissue was associated with poorer intellectual abilities and cognitive performance [23]. Published data indicate that an increasing number of children are at risk of

show abstract

Obesity, diet and lifestyle in 9-year-old children with parentally reported chronic diseases: findings from the Growing Up in Ireland longitudinal child cohort study

Cited by 15 publications

References 17 publications

Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics

Obesity: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutics

Improved Diet Quality and Nutrient Adequacy in Children and Adolescents with Abdominal Obesity after a Lifestyle Intervention

The Epidemic of Obesity and Poor Physical Activity Participation: Will We Ever See a Change?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About