Obesity Impact Evaluated from Fat Percentage in Bone Mineral Density of Male Adolescents

Ripka, Wagner Luis; Modesto, Jhomyr Dias; Ulbricht, Leandra; Gewehr, Pedro Miguel

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0163470

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The included publications consisted of 28 cross-sectional studies and 3 longitudinal studies [15,24,25]. Eleven studies were conducted in Europe [13,17,18,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31], nine in Asia [11,12,15,20,21,[32][33][34][35], seven in North America [10,14,16,19,[36][37][38], three in South America [9,39,40] and one in Oceania [41]. Twenty-eight studies used DXA machines to assess bone parameters and body composition, and three studies applied peripheral QCT for the measurement.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Twenty-eight studies used DXA machines to assess bone parameters and body composition, and three studies applied peripheral QCT for the measurement. Fourteen studies [13,14,[16][17][18][19]29] only reported the value of the regression coefficient, nine studies [9,11,20,[30][31][32][39][40][41] only reported the value of the correlation coefficient and eight studies [25][26][27][28]33,[36][37][38] reported both. Two studies investigated the association between LM and upper limb BMD, ten investigated the association between LM and LS BMD, eight investigated the association between LM and FN BMD and thirteen investigated the association between LM and total body BMD.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from reporting consistently positive associations between LM and BMD, the review was unable to clearly infer the relationship between absolute or relative FM and BMD. Since the publication of this systematic review, more than 10 studies on body composition and bone health in children and adolescents have been published [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. In addition, there is a lack of studies that systematically analyze the skeletal site-, sex-, age-and ethnicity-specific associations between body composition and bone health in children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deng

Yang

Jin-li

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Background: Bone mass acquisition during growth is a major determinant of the risk of developing osteoporosis later in life. Body composition is an anthropometric determinant of bone mineral density (BMD) and significantly influences its development during childhood and adolescence. Objective: This study aimed to systematically examine the association between body composition and bone mineral density in children and adolescents. Methods: Observational studies addressing this association were identified from PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Scopus and the Cochrane Library (up to January 2021). The study populations consisted of healthy children and adolescents. The DerSimonian and Laird method was used to compute pooled estimates of effect size and the respective 95% confidence intervals for upper limbs, femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS) and total body, respectively. Subgroup analyses were further performed based on age, sex and ethnicity. Results: Thirty-one published studies were eligible for inclusion in this systematic review and meta-analysis, including three longitudinal studies. The combined population from all the studies amounted to 21,393 (11,205 males and 10,188 females). The pooled estimates of the correlation coefficients for lean mass (LM) and BMD ranged from 0.53 to 0.74 (p < 0.050), and the pooled regression coefficients ranged from 0.23 to 0.79 for FN, LS and total body (p < 0.050). For fat mass (FM), the pooled correlation coefficients ranged from 0.10 to 0.50 (p < 0.050) and the pooled regression coefficient was only significant for FN BMD with a weak strength (pooled β = 0.07, p < 0.050). The pooled regression coefficients for body fat percentage (BF%) were between −0.54 and −0.04 (p < 0.050). The subgroup analysis revealed a stronger association in Asians than in Caucasians for LM and in males compared to females for BF% (p < 0.050). Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis supports a positive association between LM and BMD. BF% appears to have a deleterious effect on bone acquisition in children and adolescents.

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Section: Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Characteristics Of Eligible Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Deng

Yang

Jin-li

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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“…Failure to treat OSA can increase the risk of stroke and cardiovascular disease [ 8 ]. The effects of OSA are rampant, not only regarding the quality of sleep and daytime performance, but there is also a tremendous influence on the circulatory system [ 8 , 14 ]. Repeated and recurrent nightly episodes of dyspnea from airflow collapse leads to retention of carbon dioxide and low oxygenation [ 15 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Players in the National Football League: A Scoping Review

Rogers¹,

Xia²,

Soe³

et al. 2017

J Sleep Disord Ther

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Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep-disordered breathing condition that has emerged as a significant public health problem given its increased prevalence over the past decade. The high prevalence of obesity and large waist circumference among NFL players are two risk factors that might contribute to the high susceptibility of football players to develop OSA. National Football League linemen might be particularly vulnerable since they tend to have a higher body mass index. In this scoping review, we aim to bring attention to the limited research regarding OSA among National Football League players and highlight the negative consequences of OSA in an attempt to increase awareness of the urgent need for further research in this area. Methods Search terms associated with obstructive sleep apnea and football were used to examine Google Scholar, EMBASE, CINAHL, PubMed, ProQuest, and Web of Science Plus for relevant studies. All relevant studies were included and documented. Results Findings included (n=4) studies of interest. All 4 studies revealed a near or slightly above 50% prevalence of OSA in the investigated cohorts (mostly retired NFL linemen). Most participants in the study (active NFL players) showed symptoms associated with a sleep-disorder breathing condition (snoring). Conclusion OSA requires more attention from the research and medical community. As suggested by results in the 4 studies included in this paper, OSA and associated symptoms are prevalent in the NFL population. Further research is required to investigate the extent of OSA and OSA risk in this population. There is an urgent need to conduct OSA risk surveillance in the athletic community.

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“…Controversially, fat accumulation due to obesity is detrimental to bone mass. Research has also indicated that obesity may affect bone metabolism by any of the following effects: increasing adipocyte differentiation and fat accumulation; decreasing osteoblast differentiation and bone formation; increasing circulating and tissue proinflammatory cytokines (promoting osteoclast activity and bone resorption); upregulating proinflammatory cytokine production; and interfering with intestinal calcium absorption, thereby decreasing calcium availability for bone formation [ 1 , 3 – 12 ]. Less understood are the effects and mechanisms of obesity on bone fracture healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of obesity on the healing of bone fracture in mice

Gao

Zhou

et al. 2018

J Orthop Surg Res

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BackgroundObesity affects bone health to varying degrees, depending on the skeletal site (weight-bearing or non-weight-bearing) and compartment (cortical or trabecular), and is a risk factor for orthopedic disorders, including bone fractures. However, the effect and mechanisms of obesity on healing of bone fracture is little understood.MethodsThe healing bone fractures of the tibia in genetically obese mice was evaluated relative to normal mice at weekly intervals for 28 days using X-ray scans, hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stain, and alcian blue (AB) stain. Plasma concentrations of relevant proteins were also compared via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These included calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).ResultsBone fracture healing was delayed in the obese mice compared with the control group of normal mice, based on X-ray, H&E stain, and AB stain analysis. This was accompanied with significantly low plasma CGRP, FGF, and TGF-β1 (ELISA). However, TNF-α was significantly higher in obese mice compared with the control.ConclusionBone fracture healing was significantly slower in the obese mice, relative to that of normal mice. The lower levels of CGRP, FGF, and TGF-β, and higher level of TNF-α, observed in obese mice may contribute to this observed delay in fracture healing.

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Obesity Impact Evaluated from Fat Percentage in Bone Mineral Density of Male Adolescents

Cited by 7 publications

References 26 publications

Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Association between Body Composition and Bone Mineral Density in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obstructive Sleep Apnea among Players in the National Football League: A Scoping Review

Effects of obesity on the healing of bone fracture in mice

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