Obesity in pregnancy: a novel concept on the roles of adipokines in uterine contractility

Abstract

Obesity is a global health problem even among pregnant women. Obesity alters quality of labor, such as preterm labor, prolonged labor, and higher oxytocin requirements in pregnant women. The most important factors to play a role in the altered gestational period and serve as drug targets to treat the consequences are female sexual hormones, calcium channels, adrenergic system, oxytocin, and prostaglandins. However, we have limited information about the impact of obesity on the pregnant uterine contractility and gestation time. Adipose tissue, which is the largest endocrine and paracrine organ, especially in obesity, is responsible for the production of adipokines and various cytokines and chemokines, and there are no reliable data available describing the relation between body mass index, glucose intolerance, and adipokines during pregnancy. Recent data suggest that the dysregulation of leptin, adiponectin, and kisspeptin during pregnancy contributes to gestational diabetes mellitus and pre-eclampsia. A preclinical method for obese pregnancy should be developed to clarify the action of adipokines and assess their impact in obesity. The deeper understanding of the adipokines-induced processes in obese pregnancy may be a step closer to the prevention and therapy of preterm delivery or prolonged pregnancy. Gestational weight gain is one of the factors that could influence the prenatal development, birth weight, and adiposity of newborn.

Oxytocin and obesity: 2015-2017 literature review on oxytocin use in obese women

“…For example, increased body weight leads to elevations in progesterone, which contribute to poor contractility. Obesity also increases leptin, which inhibits both spontaneous and augmented or induced uterine contractions in animal models as well as isolated human myometrium [10]. These articles highlight the complexity of obesity on oxytocin administration, efficacy, and management.…”

Gonadotropins in Keratoconus: The Unexpected Suspects

“…The study found mild staining intensity of the KC corneal cells, which was, however, not significantly different from healthy controls. Leptin is another understudied hormone in KC, although it might be an interesting target of investigation given that leptin levels rise during pregnancy and fall after childbirth [40]. It is possible that these changes in leptin levels could partially explain the association between pregnant women and KC progression; however, there is limited evidence at this time [39].…”

Effectiveness of Metformin in the Prevention of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Obese Pregnant Women

“…2 This public health problem affects a great number of women, particularly those in reproductive age. 3 Maternal obesity during pregnancy is associated with the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). 4 Gestational diabetes mellitus is the most common metabolic disorder during gestation, affecting 3-25% of all pregnancies, depending on the diagnostic criteria applied and on the population and ethnic groups studied.…”