“…A large literature describes differences between the skills used by human experts and novices (e.g., mathematics and physics -Chi, Feltovitch, & Glaser, 1981;chess-Simon & Chase, 1973; serial memory- Chase & Ericsson, 1981;and medicine-Lesgold et al, 1988). By contrast, the literature on animal expertise is limited to a small number of experiments showing how monkeys (Harlow, 1949), rats (Eichenbaum, Fagan, & Cohen, 1986), and korvids (Hunter & Kamil, 1971) "learn to learn" a simple rule for discriminating two novel objects.…”