Object relation and defensive operations in transsexuals and borderline patients as measured by the Defense Mechanism Test

Sundbom, Elisabet; Bodlund, Owe; Höjerback, Torvald

doi:10.3109/08039489509011931

Cited by 18 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…We have earlier shown that among transsexuals there are only marginal differences between sexes as regards personality traits, self-image, and in DMT distortions (Bodlund and Armelius, 1994;Sundbom et al 1995). Nevertheless, in the present study, there is a tendency for better outcome for female transsexuals.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

“…The patterns of distortions in perception are diagnostic for different psychopathologies (Sundbom and Kullgren, 1992). From a previous study (Sundbom et al, 1995) a few theoretically crucial DMT variables were selected (e.g., total sum of distortions on DMT, patient's ability to identify the threat in the picture, threshold values of meaningful perception, and variables indicating problems and defensive strategies in deciding the sex of the hero and the peripheral person).…”

Section: Baseline Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Genuine transsexuals showed significantly less fulfilled Axis II criteria, higher GAF scores (Axis V), and positive selfimage with self-love in contrast to GIDAANT patients. We postulated these factors to be of predictive importance for the outcome of changing one's bodily sex and gender role (Bodlund et al, 1993;Bodlund and Armelius, 1994;Sundbom et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transsexualism—General outcome and prognostic factors: A five-year follow-up study of nineteen transsexuals in the process of changing sex

Bodlund

Kullgren

1996

Arch Sex Behav

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Nineteen transsexuals, approved for sex reassignement, were followed-up after 5 years. Outcome was evaluated as changes in seven areas of social, psychological, and psychiatric functioning. At baseline the patients were evaluated according to axis I, II, V (DSM-III-R), SCID screen, SASB (Structural Analysis of Social Behavior), and DMT (Defense Mechanism Test). At follow-up all but 1 were treated with contrary sex hormones, 12 had completed sex reassignment surgery, and 3 females were waiting for phalloplasty. One male transsexual regretted the decision to change sex and had quit the process. Two transsexuals had still not had any surgery due to older age or ambivalence. Overall, 68% (n = 13) had improved in at least two areas of functioning. In 3 cases (16%) outcome were judged as unsatisfactory and one of those regarded sex change as a failure. Another 3 patients were mainly unchanged after 5 years. Female transsexuals had a slightly better outcome, especially concerning establishing and maintaining partnerships and improvement in socio-economic status compared to male transsexuals. Baseline factors associated with negative outcome (unchanged or worsened) were presence of a personality disorder and high number of fulfilled axis II criteria. SCID screen assessments had high prognostic power. Negative self-image, according to SASB, predicted a negative outcome, whereas DMT variables were not correlated to outcome.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 54%

Section: Baseline Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Transsexualism—General outcome and prognostic factors: A five-year follow-up study of nineteen transsexuals in the process of changing sex

Bodlund

Kullgren

1996

Arch Sex Behav

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“…differentiate two types of hard red wheat using nearinfrared analysis [5]; . distinguish transsexualism, borderline personality disorder and controls using a standard instrument [6]; . determine the year of vintage port wine [7]; .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Partial least squares for discrimination

Barker¹,

Rayens²

2003

Journal of Chemometrics

2,420

1,522

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Partial least squares (PLS) was not originally designed as a tool for statistical discrimination. In spite of this, applied scientists routinely use PLS for classification and there is substantial empirical evidence to suggest that it performs well in that role. The interesting question is: why can a procedure that is principally designed for overdetermined regression problems locate and emphasize group structure? Using PLS in this manner has heurestic support owing to the relationship between PLS and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and the relationship, in turn, between CCA and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). This paper replaces the heuristics with a formal statistical explanation. As a consequence, it will become clear that PLS is to be preferred over PCA when discrimination is the goal and dimension reduction is needed.

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“…Since PLS and CCA share many common features, PLS is also used widely in many applications as a classification tool [145,179], although it is not inherently designed for this purpose. Some typical applications of PLS in classification include Alzheimer's disease discrimination [180], classification between Arabica and Robusta coffee beans [181], water pollution classification [182], separation between active and inactive compounds in a quantitative structure-activity relationship study [183], hard red wheat classification [184], microarray classification [160], and other applications in a variety of other areas [185][186][187][188].…”

Section: Partial Least Squares Classificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Label Dimensionality Reduction

Sun

2016

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Object relation and defensive operations in transsexuals and borderline patients as measured by the Defense Mechanism Test

Cited by 18 publications

References 14 publications

Transsexualism—General outcome and prognostic factors: A five-year follow-up study of nineteen transsexuals in the process of changing sex

Transsexualism—General outcome and prognostic factors: A five-year follow-up study of nineteen transsexuals in the process of changing sex

Partial least squares for discrimination

Multi-Label Dimensionality Reduction

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