Objective Evaluation of Whole Body Kinematics in a Simulated, Restrained Frontal Impact

Schap, Jeremy M.; Koya, Bharath; Gayzik, F. Scott

doi:10.1007/s10439-018-02180-2

Cited by 18 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The three dimensional mesh of the intervertebral discs in the M50-O is comprised of material laws for both the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. The M50-O neck has been validated in linear impact for passive and active musculature (Bruneau and Cronin, 2019), deviation from nominal occupant position postures at the whole body (Gayzik et al, 2018) and tissue level (Shateri and Cronin, 2015), and exhibited close agreement to PMHS data in a study of a frontal, restrained occupant (Schap et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Comparison of Neck Injury Criteria Values Across Human Body Models of Varying Complexity

Johnson

Koya

Gayzik

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Due to the severity and frequency of cervical spine injuries, the neck injury criterion (Nij) was developed to provide a quantitative relationship between forces and moments of the upper neck with accompanied injury risk. The present study was undertaken to evaluate differences in calculated Nij for the Global Human Body Model Consortium's detailed and simplified average 50th percentile male models. The simplified model is a computationally light version of the more detailed model and therefore it is of interest to achieve similar Nij values between the two models. These models were compared in 15 match paired conditions of rigid head impact and a mixture of seven full body rigid hub and sled pulses, for 44 total simulations. Collectively, Nij values of the simplified model were found to exhibit a second-degree polynomial fit, allowing for a conversion to the prediction of the detailed model. Correlates were also derived for impact and inertial loading cases individually, for which the latter may be the subject of future work. The differences in Nij may be attributed to a variety of modeling approach differences related to neck muscles (attachment location and morphometric implementation), localization of head mass within the M50-OS, head geometry, and intervertebral joint space properties. With a primary focus on configurations in the anterior-posterior direction, there is a potential limitation in extensibility to lateral loading cases. In response to the relatively low Nij values exhibited, future work should evaluate the appropriateness of the established critical intercepts of Nij for computational human body models.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 76%

Comparison of Neck Injury Criteria Values Across Human Body Models of Varying Complexity

Johnson

Koya

Gayzik

2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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“…Several experimental and/or finite element model studies were performed to examine the responses of the occupant in unintended seat positions. 12,22,23 These studies verified the risk of unintended seat positions, but they did not propose means of counteracting these risks for occupant safety. In the development of an active safety system, it is important to ensure occupant safety before braking and/or collision in unintended seat positions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing Occupant Safety by Pre-active Seat Control for Out-of-seat Position before Autonomous Emergency Braking Operation

Kang

Kim

Cho

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The pre-active safety seat (PSS) is a recently developed active safety system for securing occupant safety in out-of-seat position (OOSP), which was applied in the Hyundai Genesis G80 in 2020. However, there has not been sufficient quantifiable verification supporting the effectiveness of the PSS. The present study was performed to determine the effectiveness of the PSS for occupant safety in OOSP and to identify areas for additional improvement. Six test conditions were considered to determine the effectiveness of the PSS for augmentation of occupant safety in OOSP. Ten healthy men participated in the tests. Compared with the no PSS condition, maximum head excursion and neck rotation were significantly decreased in the PSS condition by 0.31–0.79-fold and 0.33–0.48-fold, respectively (p < 0.05). The PSS condition in which the seat pan was moved forward to the mid position showed a greater effect in reducing the characteristic motions related to submarining, compared with the condition in which the seat pan was moved rearward to the mid position (p < 0.05). These results suggested that PSS augments occupant safety in OOSP. This study provides valuable insights in ameliorating risks to the occupant in unintended seat positions before braking and/or collision.

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“…8 Based on the GHBMC (The Global Human Body Models Consortium), Schap studies the response characteristics of the occupant’s chest under dynamic seatbelt load, and concludes that the chest injury is highly sensitive to the seatbelt route. 9 Ye uses the commercial THUMS (Total Human Model for Safety) human body model to reconstruct 11 frontal collisions to study chest injuries. The results demonstrate the severity of chest injuries from theoretical aspect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of chest injury characteristics in frontal vehicle collision under three typical overlaps

Shi

Xiao

Qie

2020

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D:

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In view of the relatively serious situation of chest injuries in current vehicle accidents, this study aims to determine the chest injuries characteristics in frontal vehicle collisions under different overlaps. The frontal impact simulation was first established and conducted based on the latest THOR dummy model with different overlaps. By comparing chest dynamic output indicators under three different overlap rates in frontal impact conditions, the relationship between chest injuries and collision overlap rates was analyzed in terms of the chest deflection and stress/strain distribution. Results show that changes of the thoracic stress/strain distribution and the amplitude of chest deflection are more sensitive to frontal impact load under a great impact overlap. In the kinematics analysis, there is a significant twist along the seatbelt route to the occupant’s chest. The changes of the chest deflection and stress/strain based on the design parameter changes at different overlap rates are consistent, and the highest injury risk is captured in the ribcage structure of mid-chest in full frontal impact. The research results can provide a reference for the optimal design of the constraint system for the future.

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Objective Evaluation of Whole Body Kinematics in a Simulated, Restrained Frontal Impact

Cited by 18 publications

References 36 publications

Comparison of Neck Injury Criteria Values Across Human Body Models of Varying Complexity

Comparison of Neck Injury Criteria Values Across Human Body Models of Varying Complexity

Enhancing Occupant Safety by Pre-active Seat Control for Out-of-seat Position before Autonomous Emergency Braking Operation

Analysis of chest injury characteristics in frontal vehicle collision under three typical overlaps

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