Objective Testing

Hadland, Scott E.; Levy, Sharon

doi:10.1016/j.chc.2016.02.005

Cited by 130 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…2. Urine dipstick tests for the detection of morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine: According to the American Society for Addiction Medicine (ASAM), drug testing should be used "to discourage nonmedical drug use and diversion of controlled substances, to encourage appropriate entry into addiction treatment, to identify an early relapse, and to improve outcomes of addiction treatment (Hadland and Levy, 2016). Urine dipstick drug tests are practical tools for assessing the relapse in primary care (McDonell et al, 2016).…”

Section: Research Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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Background and Objective: Patients under methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) are susceptible to several complications including mental disturbances and risk of relapse. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of tDCS on relapse, depression, and anxiety of opioid-dependent patients under methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Methods: It was a randomized-clinical trial that conducted among 27 male patients referred to the outpatient addiction clinic of Ibn-e-Sina psychiatric hospital in Mashhad from July 2018 to May 2019. Participants were allocated to two treatment groups including intervention and sham groups. The intervention group received seven sessions of tDCS, in the F3 (cathode) and F4 (anode) areas of the brain, each one lasts 20 min, in two consecutive weeks. Depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) were measured before, during, and after the intervention in patients under MMT. Relapse on the morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine was screened by urine dipstick tests of morphine, cannabis, and methamphetamine. Results: Depression, anxiety, and stress of participants were significantly reduced in the intervention group compared with the control after the seventh session of tDCS (P < 0.001, P=0.01, and P=0.01, respectively). In addition, the relapse rate showed no significant changes between the two groups (P=0.33). Conclusion: Overall, our study demonstrated that depression, anxiety, and stress of participants were significantly reduced after the seventh session of tDCS, but did not affect

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Section: Research Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study

et al. 2020

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“…Furthermore, the urine test can disclose the presence of the drug in the human body after its clinical effects or blood concentrations have worn off. For example, the detection times for amphetamine are 2–4 days and 12 h in urine and plasma, respectively [ 22 ]. In addition to diagnostic value, the urine paraquat concentration also carries prognostic implication.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Paper-Based Analytical Device for Analysis of Paraquat in Urine and Its Validation with Optical-Based Approaches

et al. 2020

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Paraquat is a highly toxic herbicide. Paraquat poisoning is often fatal and is an important public health threat in many places. The quick identification and timely initiation of treatment based on timely analysis of the paraquat concentration in urine/serum could improve the prognosis for patients. However, current paraquat concentration measurements are time-consuming and difficult to implement due to the expensive and bulky equipment required. To address these practical challenges, paper-based devices have emerged as alternative diagnostic tools for improving point-of-care testing. In this study, we demonstrate the successful use of a paper-based analytical device for the accurate detection of urine paraquat concentration. The developed paper-based analytical device employs colorimetric paraquat concentration measurements. The R2 value for the urine paraquat standard curve was 0.9989, with a dynamic range of 0–100 ppm. The limit of detection was 3.01 ppm. Two other optical-based approaches, Spectrochip and NanoDrop, were used for comparison. The results suggest that the developed paper-based analytical device is comparable to other colorimetric measurements, as determined by Bland–Altman analysis. The device was clinically validated using urine from six paraquat-poisoned patients. The results prove that the developed paper-based analytical device is accurate, easy-to-use, and efficient for urine paraquat concentration measurement, and may enable physicians to improve clinical management.

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“…Contracting with external providers, such as phlebotomists, lab technicians or nurses, requires greater investment from researchers and risks virus exposure. Research should attempt to define best practices for video-observed urine drug testing which can build on existing processes of in-person observed testing, 36 such as: (1) confirming test cup is intact before collection (eg, twist tops that record number and times of openings), video assessment of bathroom, placement of video device to confirm specimen is collected by individual identified as participant in real-time (use of pH and temperature strips), audio confirmation of micturition, and no use of faucets until visual confirmation the specimen is sealed in tamper-proof container. Although all of this requires additional, creative work on the part of the researchers, it is feasible and has the potential to enhance data collection options for SUD clinical research.…”

Section: Screening Informed Consent and Enrollmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Digital Clinical Trials for Substance Use Disorders in the Age of Covid-19

Brezing

Luo

Mariani

et al. 2020

Journal of Addiction Medicine

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As a result of the coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, clinical research for substance use disorders (SUDs) has been impeded due to widespread stay-at-home mandates limiting the operations of “non-essential” work. Although appropriate to proceed with an abundance of caution to prevent viral spread, there will be detrimental consequences for patients with SUDs if clinical trials research cannot adapt and continue uninterrupted. The field of digital health has strong evidence for its feasibility and effectiveness and offers tools that can facilitate the continuation of SUD clinical trials research remotely in accordance with Covid-19 precautions. Some digital tools have been used as components of SUD research in the past; however, no published clinical trial in SUDs to-date has been entirely virtual. This has important implications for disrupted clinical care, as providers seek guidelines for best digital practices. This paper provides a roadmap for integrating the fields of digital health and SUD clinical trials by proposing methods to complete recruitment, screening, informed consent, other study procedures, and internal lab operations digitally. The immediate future of SUD research depends on the ability to comply with social distancing. Investment in research of digital clinical trials for SUDs provides an opportunity to cultivate benefits for research and clinical care long-term as we can (1) define regulatory requirements for the implementation of digital systems, (2) develop consensus on system-wide standards and protocols in the appropriate use of technology, and (3) gain experience that can translate to the treatment of patients with SUDs through telehealth in the community.

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Objective Testing

Cited by 130 publications

References 29 publications

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study

The Effect of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Relapse, Anxiety, and Depression in Patients With Opioid Dependence Under Methadone Maintenance Treatment: A Pilot Study

A Paper-Based Analytical Device for Analysis of Paraquat in Urine and Its Validation with Optical-Based Approaches

Digital Clinical Trials for Substance Use Disorders in the Age of Covid-19

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