Objectively Discerning Autler-Townes Splitting from Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Anisimov, Petr M.; Dowling, Jonathan P.; Sanders, Barry C.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.107.163604

Cited by 266 publications

(316 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…For strong coupling, a splitting in the response of the oscillator B is observed, each individual resonance being a normal mode of the composite system, and the dip in the spectral response of oscillator A of the system is not Fano interference but just the sum of two Lorentzians centered on each hybridized mode. 23,34,35 This limiting case is the classical analogue of Autler−Townes splitting. 33,34,36 As an experimental illustration of the model, the optical properties of plasmons in a sub-wavelength array of gold nanostructures were investigated as a function of the nearestneighbor separation distance (see Figure 4).…”

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confidence: 99%

Plasmonic Radiance: Probing Structure at the Ångström Scale with Visible Light

et al. 2013

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Plasmonic modes with long radiative lifetimes combine strong nanoscale light confinement with a narrow spectral line width carrying the signature of Fano resonances, making them very promising for nanophotonic applications such as sensing, lasing, and switching. Their coupling to incident radiation, also known as radiance, determines their optical properties and optimal use in applications. In this work, we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate that the radiance of a plasmonic mode can be classified into three different regimes. In the weak coupling regime, the line shape exhibits remarkable sensitivity to the dielectric environment. We show that geometrical displacements and deformations at the Ångstrom scale can be detected optically by measuring the radiance. In the intermediate regime, the electromagnetic energy stored in the mode is maximal, with large electric field enhancements that can be exploited in surface enhanced spectroscopy applications. In the strong coupling regime, the interaction can result in hybridized modes with tunable energies. KEYWORDS: Fano resonances, electromagnetically induced transparency, plasmonic nanosensors, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), extraordinary optical transmission W ith their ability to concentrate light at a deepsubwavelength scale by excitation of surface plasmons, metallic nanostructures play a major role in current nanoscience. 1 In particular, optical tweezers, 2 antennas, 3,4 lasers, 5 photodetectors, 6 or biochemical sensing platforms 7,8 have been scaled down to the nanometer range. However, their performance are limited by the short lifetimes of surface plasmon resonances. 9 Recently, it has been shown that the use of plasmonic modes with long radiative life times (subradiant modes) can drastically enhance the performance of nanophotonic devices. 10−12 Their spectral response carry an asymmetric line shape with sharp spectral features, characteristic of Fano resonances. 13−22 The coupling of subradiant modes to radiation, their radiance, is directly controlled by the geometrical configuration of the nanostructures, 19 and also governs their optical response and the location and amplitude of light confinement. 20 Despite the fact that the use of subradiant modes for nanophotonic applications critically depends on the coupling strength, the choice of an optimal regime has so far never been addressed.In this work, we use a universal model for interacting radiative and localized channels to investigate the radiance of a plasmonic mode. We demonstrate that the radiance of a plasmonic mode can be classified into three different regimes. In the weak coupling regime, the radiance of the mode is small and extremely sensitive to perturbations in the coupling. We introduce a novel sensing concept, radiance sensing, which is based on the sensitivity of the radiance to the environment, rather than conventional plasmon sensing relying on the wavelength shift of plasmon modes. 8 In the intermediate regime, the radiative damping is equal to the int...

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Plasmonic Radiance: Probing Structure at the Ångström Scale with Visible Light

et al. 2013

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“…Moreover, EIT and the related Autler-Townes splitting phenomena have also been studied in superconducting artificial atomic systems (e.g., Refs. [73][74][75] and the many references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanical analog of two-color electromagnetically induced transparency: Photon transmission through an optomechanical device with a two-level system

et al. 2014

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Some optomechanical systems can be transparent to a probe field when a strong driving field is applied. These systems can provide an optomechanical analogue of electromagnetically-induced transparency (EIT). We study the transmission of a probe field through a hybrid optomechanical system consisting of a cavity and a mechanical resonator with a two-level system (qubit). The qubit might be an intrinsic defect inside the mechanical resonator, a superconducting artificial atom, or another two-level system. The mechanical resonator is coupled to the cavity field via radiation pressure and to the qubit via the Jaynes-Cummings interaction. We find that the dressed twolevel system and mechanical phonon can form two sets of three-level systems. Thus, there are two transparency windows in the discussed system. We interpret this effect as an optomechanical analog of two-color EIT (or double-EIT). We demonstrate how to switch between one and two EIT windows by changing the transition frequency of the qubit. We show that the absorption and dispersion of the system are mainly affected by the qubit-phonon coupling strength and the transition frequency of the qubit.

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“…In conventional EIT, the excited state transition is driven by a strong coupling laser creating a transparency window which is then detected using a weak probe on the ground state transition. In thermal vapors, ladder EIT is only possible when the lower transition is probed [15] and the probe wavelength is greater than the coupling wavelength [16]. Alternatively, on strong transitions such as the infrared transitions from excited states in alkali atoms, one can probe directly on the excited state transition and detect absorption or fluorescence [17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy

et al. 2012

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Publisher's copyright statement:Additional information: Use policyThe full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-pro t purposes provided that:• a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in DRO • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders.Please consult the full DRO policy for further details. We investigate, theoretically and experimentally, absorption on an excited-state atomic transition in a thermal vapor where the lower state is coherently pumped. We find that the transition linewidth can be subnatural, that is, less than the combined linewidth of the lower and upper state. For the specific case of the 6P 3/2 → 7S 1/2 transition in room temperature cesium vapor, we measure a minimum linewidth of 6.6 MHz compared with the natural width of 8.5 MHz. Using perturbation techniques, an expression for the complex susceptibility is obtained which provides excellent agreement with the measured spectra.

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Objectively Discerning Autler-Townes Splitting from Electromagnetically Induced Transparency

Cited by 266 publications

References 24 publications

Plasmonic Radiance: Probing Structure at the Ångström Scale with Visible Light

Plasmonic Radiance: Probing Structure at the Ångström Scale with Visible Light

Optomechanical analog of two-color electromagnetically induced transparency: Photon transmission through an optomechanical device with a two-level system

Subnatural linewidths in two-photon excited-state spectroscopy

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