Observable Protective Activities of Quercetin on Aluminum Chloride-Induced Testicular Toxicity in Adult Male Wistar Rat

Abstract

Background: Aluminum chloride (AlCl3 ) present in many manufactured consumable is considered as a toxic element. Aim: Our study evaluates the toxic effects induced by AlCl3 on the testes as well as the therapeutic tendency of Quercetin (QUE) agent as an antioxidant. Setting and Design: In the department of Anatomy of Medical School. Methods and Materials: Thirty-two male Wistar rats weighing approximately 170 ± 10 g were assigned into four groups with eight each, fed with rat chow and water ad-libitum. Group A served as control and was given distilled water throughout; Group B was given only QUE (200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days; Group C was given only AlCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days; and Group D was given AlCl3 (300 mg/kg body weight) for 14 days followed with QUE (200 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days. Substance administrations were done orally. Statistical analysis: One-way analysis of variance was used to analyze the data, in GraphPad Prism 6.0 being the statistical software. Results: AlCl3 significantly reduced the relative organ (testes) weight, correlating the decrease in sperm count, sperm motility and sperm viability. Furthermore, there was a decrease in luteinizing hormone with an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone which accounted for a significant reduction in testosterone level that plays a great role in spermatogenesis, following AlCl3 treatment. The cytoarchitecture of the testes showed degenerative changes in the seminiferous tubules and leydin cells, nitric oxide synthases immunoreactivity was intense in the seminiferous epithelium of rat in Group C. Conclusion: These suggest that QUE antioxidant property could reverse the decrease in sperm status, hormonal effects, and functional deficit induced by aluminum chloride on the testes of Wistar rats.

Hesperidin Mitigates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Testicular Dysfunction via Altering the Hypothalamic Pituitary Gonadal Axis and Testicular Steroidogenesis, Inflammation, and Apoptosis in Male Rats

“…Anticancer drugs, including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil administration, have been associated with the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation [ 57 ]. Such results, confirmed by another flavonoid (quercetin), [ 54 ] found that coadministration of quercetin to the aluminum chloride-treated group decreased the iNOS expression in testis tissue. HSP caused a marked decrease in the CP-induced expression of iNOS in the liver [ 58 ] and renal tissue [ 59 ].…”

“…The CP-treated group revealed a significant increase in iNOS, only formed during inflammation, ischemia, and apoptosis [ 51 ], immune reactivity in the cytoplasm of the cells of the seminiferous tubules [ 52 ]. Exposure to cisplatin, aluminum chloride, methotrexate, and silica nanoparticles reported an increase in testicular iNOS expression [ 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Anticancer drugs, including cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, tamoxifen, doxorubicin, and 5-fluorouracil administration, have been associated with the induction of oxidative stress and inflammation [ 57 ].…”

Ameliorative effects of quercetin against hepatic toxicity of oral sub-chronic co-exposure to aluminum oxide nanoparticles and lead-acetate in male rats

“…Moreover, the oxidative injury was significantly recovered, and the antioxidant biomarkers such as GSH levels, SOD, and CAT activities were close to normal with co-administration of QCN, and the toxic symptoms following exposure to Al 2 O 3 NPs in mice were avoided (Shrivastava et al 2014 ). Quercetin improved the oligospermia, male sex hormonal effects, and functional deficit induced by aluminum chloride and significantly reduced the degenerative testicular changes in Wistar rats (Olanrewaju et al 2021 ). Thus, the current study demonstrates the hazardous effects of Al 2 O 3 NPs + Pb co-exposure along with their independent exposure and the role of QCN against that co-exposure in male rats.…”

Aqueous extract of bay leaf (Laurus nobilis) ameliorates testicular toxicity induced by aluminum chloride in rats

“…Aluminum is found in airborne dust particles, food additives, phosphate binders, antacids, buffered analgesics, antiperspirants, cooking vessels, tinned boxes, infant formulas, cosmetics, mining, drinking water, and several herbal preparations [1,3]. For example, aluminum chloride (AlCl 3 ) is present in many manufactured consumables and is considered a toxic element [4]. Heavy metals are regarded as harmful compounds that pose health risks to humans and animals, as frequent ingestion of small amounts of these metals causes their progressive and irreversible accumulation [5].…”

“…Consumption of aluminum-containing items raises the concentration of this metallic element in consumers' organs, resulting in testicular tissue injuries. Aluminum chloride has been shown to cause testicular toxicity in adult male Wistar rats [4] and cause male reproductive impairment in rats [16] . Aluminum has also been linked to testicular damage caused by increased nitric oxide (NO) levels [17].…”