Observation and optimization of DAVLL spectra on the 1S0–3P1 transition of neutral mercury atom

Polarization spectroscopy of the 1S0-3P1 transition of mercury isotopes at 253.7 nm

“…The linearly polarized component of the pump beam would result in linear PS. Linear PS was first observed by Murray Sargent III in 1976; i.e., that for identical polarizations, both probe and saturating waves involve the same combinations of transitions and matrix elements, while for orthogonal polarizations they involve different combinations [11,13,19,20] . Thus the absorption rate of the probe beam with identical polarization (α ∥ ) differs from that with perpendicular polarization (α ⊥ ).…”

“…Six isotopes are richly abundant with more than 6%. Four isotopes ( 198 Hg, 200 Hg, 202 Hg, and 204 Hg) are bosonic with nuclear spin I ¼ 0, and two isotopes ( 199 Hg and 201 Hg) are fermionic with I ¼ 1∕2 and 3/2, respectively [1,[12][13][14] . In the 3 P 1 state, bosonic isotopes have no hyperfine splitting level but 201 Hg has three levels (F ¼ 1∕2, 3/2, and 5/2) and 199 Hg has two levels (F ¼ 1∕2 and 3/2) [14] .…”

“…In the 3 P 1 state, bosonic isotopes have no hyperfine splitting level but 201 Hg has three levels (F ¼ 1∕2, 3/2, and 5/2) and 199 Hg has two levels (F ¼ 1∕2 and 3/2) [14] . Table 2 shows the frequency shifts of 1 S 0 -3 P 1 transitions which are relative to 198 Hg [13,14] . The transitions, which have a frequency shift interval that is smaller than the Doppler broadening of about 1 GHz, will share the same absorption profile.…”

“…Thus 199 Hg (F ¼ 1∕2), 204 Hg and 201 Hg (F ¼ 5∕2) share one, and so 1∕2). Because the Hg atom has a high saturated vapor pressure at room temperature (about 0.3 Pa), a 5 mm long vapor cell (made of UV fused silicon [13] , set at room temperature) is adopted to achieve an appropriate optical depth (OD) for saturated absorption for all transitions. A commercial laser (Toptica, TA-FHG Pro), which generates 20 mW laser power at 253.7 nm by frequency quadrupling of a fundamental diode laser at 1014.9 nm with a 30 GHz mode-hop-free range and 150 kHz linewidth, is used in this work.…”

“…The gain of excited atoms with the enhancement of pump power leads to this phenomenon [6,8] . Then increasing speed of the amplitude slows down for the saturation effect (saturation intensity is about 10.2 mW∕cm 2 [1,13] ). Meanwhile, the width of the PS increases, and thus the slope of PS decreases above 1 mW as per Fig.…”