Observation and thermodynamic modeling of the influence of snow cover on landfast sea ice thickness in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

Zhao, Jiechen; Cheng, Bin; Vihma, Timo; Yang, Qinghua; Hui, Fengming; Zhao, Biao; Hao, Guanghua; Shen, Hui; Zhang, Lin

doi:10.1016/j.coldregions.2019.102869

Cited by 13 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Close to the coastline of Prydz Bay, snow is largely drifted away by strong wind, but further away from shoreline, snow is accumulated significantly on fast ice, and contributes to ice mass balance at the snow–ice interface. This has been demonstrated by observations and model experiments (Zhao and others, 2019b). The thick snow cover and negative freeboard in 2015 resulted in snow ice formation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Snow and sea ice are fully coupled with respect to the heat conduction and snow-to-ice transformation. The model has been used to simulate the evolution of snow and sea-ice thickness in the Arctic (Cheng and others, 2008, 2014; Yang and others, 2015; Merkouriadi and others, 2017) and Antarctic (Vihma and others, 2002; Zhao and others, 2017; 2019a, 2019b).…”

Section: Fipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) for land-fast sea ice at Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: an operational service for CHINARE

et al. 2020

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Abstract A Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) was constructed and is the first regional land-fast sea-ice forecasting system for the Antarctic. FIPS had two components: (1) near-real-time information on the ice-covered area from MODIS and SAR imagery that revealed, tidal cracks, ridged and rafted ice regions; (2) a high-resolution 1-D thermodynamic snow and ice model (HIGHTSI) that was extended to perform a 2-D simulation on snow and ice evolution using atmospheric forcing from ECMWF: either using ERA-Interim reanalysis (in hindcast mode) or HERS operational 10-day predictions (in forecast mode). A hindcast experiment for the 2015 season was in good agreement with field observations, with a mean bias of 0.14 ± 0.07 m and a correlation coefficient of 0.98 for modeled ice thickness. The errors are largely caused by a cold bias in the atmospheric forcing. The thick snow cover during the 2015 season led to modeled formation of extensive snow ice and superimposed ice. The first FIPS operational service was performed during the 2017/18 season. The system predicted a realistic ice thickness and onset of snow surface melt as well as the area of internal ice melt. The model results on the snow and ice properties were considered by the captain of R/V Xuelong when optimizing a low-risk route for on-ice transportation through fast ice to the coastal Zhongshan Station.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Fipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) for land-fast sea ice at Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: an operational service for CHINARE

et al. 2020

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“…The snow depth and ice thickness initial conditions were specified as 1 and 2 cm, respectively. This choice was simply technical for the sake of the model algorithm; in practice, snow depth and ice thickness remain at their initial values until the surface energy balance becomes negative (Yang and others, 2012;Zhao, 2019). The resulting ice and snow evolution is not sensitive to the technical initial conditions.…”

Section: Thermodynamic Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The seasonal cycle and break-up of landfast sea ice along the northwest coast of Kotelny Island, East Siberian Sea

et al. 2021

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Arctic landfast sea ice (LFSI) represents an important quasi-stationary coastal zone. Its evolution is determined by the regional climate and bathymetry. This study investigated the seasonal cycle and interannual variations of LFSI along the northwest coast of Kotelny Island. Initial freezing, rapid ice formation, stable and decay stages were identified in the seasonal cycle based on application of the visual inspection approach (VIA) to MODIS/Envisat imagery and results from a thermodynamic snow/ice model. The modeled annual maximum ice thickness in 1995–2014 was 2.02 ± 0.12 m showing a trend of −0.13 m decade−1. Shortened ice season length (−22 d decade−1) from model results associated with substantial spring (2.3°C decade−1) and fall (1.9°C decade−1) warming. LFSI break-up resulted from combined fracturing and melting, and the local spatiotemporal patterns of break-up were associated with the irregular bathymetry. Melting dominated the LFSI break-up in the nearshore sheltered area, and the ice thickness decreased to an average of 0.50 m before the LFSI disappeared. For the LFSI adjacent to drift ice, fracturing was the dominant process and the average ice thickness was 1.56 m at the occurrence of the fracturing. The LFSI stages detected by VIA were supported by the model results.

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“…In this paper, we focus on gap layers in the Antarctic landfast sea ice, which in summer comprises 35% of the overall Antarctic sea-ice area (Fraser et al 2012). As landfast ice is immobile, thermodynamic processes dominate ice evolution until its breakup (Heil et al 1996, Yang et al 2015, Zhao et al 2019b. Combining in situ observations and a snow/ice thermodynamic model, we investigate factors contributing to gap layer formation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The internal melting of landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

Zhao

Cheng

Vihma

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Summertime internal melting of Antarctic sea ice is common due to the penetration of solar radiation below the snow and ice surface. We focus on the role of internal melting and heat conduction in generating gap layers within the ice. These often occur approximately 0.1 m below the ice surface. In a small-scale survey over land-fast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica, we observed, for the first time, gap layers 0.6 to 1.0 m below the surface for both first-year ice and multi-year ice. A 1-D snow/ice thermodynamic model successfully simulated snow and ice mass balance and the evolution of the gap layers. Their spatial distribution was largely controlled by snow thickness and ice thickness. A C-shaped ice temperature profile with the lowest values in the middle of the ice layer resulted in heat flux convergence causing downward progression of the internal melt layer. Multidecadal (1979-2019) seasonal simulations showed decreasing air temperature favored a postposed internal melting onset, reduced total internal melt, and delayed potential ice breakup, which indicated a higher change for local coastal ice to be shifted from first-year ice to multi-year ice.

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Observation and thermodynamic modeling of the influence of snow cover on landfast sea ice thickness in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

Cited by 13 publications

References 45 publications

Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) for land-fast sea ice at Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: an operational service for CHINARE

Fast Ice Prediction System (FIPS) for land-fast sea ice at Prydz Bay, East Antarctica: an operational service for CHINARE

The seasonal cycle and break-up of landfast sea ice along the northwest coast of Kotelny Island, East Siberian Sea

The internal melting of landfast sea ice in Prydz Bay, East Antarctica

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