Observation of Ciliary Body Changes during Accommodation Using Anterior OCT

Farouk, Mahmoud; Naito, Toshio; Shinomiya, Kayo; Mitamura, Yoshinori

doi:10.2152/jmi.65.60

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Presbyopia is the age-related loss of accommodation [ 39 ]. Prior accommodation research utilized different modalities (OCT [ 16 , 21 , 22 , 24 , 25 , 30 , 32 , 40 ], ultrasound biomicroscopy [ 41 ], or MRI [ 42 , 43 ]) or variations of the same modality (combining different types of custom-built OCTs [ 23 , 44 ] to image different parts of the eye). Together, this precludes simultaneous assessment of all anterior segment anatomical alterations during accommodation before and after presbyopia, contributing to the challenge of understanding presbyopia pathophysiology.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and refraction-related changes in anterior segment anatomical structures measured by swept-source anterior segment OCT

Xie¹,

Corradetti²,

Song³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Purpose To assess the effects of age and refractive status on anterior segment anatomical structures, including the ciliary body, using a new swept-source anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) device. Methods This prospective observational study included 63 healthy volunteers (mean age: 44.2 years). Images of the anterior segment were obtained using a new swept-source AS-OCT (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) with tracking and image averaging from the right eye of all participants. Repeatability as well as inter- and intra-observer reliability of biometric measurements were evaluated. The impact of image tracking and averaging on ciliary muscle measurements was tested. Univariate and multivariable statistical models were developed to evaluate the relationship of age and refractive status on anterior segment biometric measurements. Results For all test-retest repeatability and inter- and intra-observer reproducibility of swept-source AS-OCT measurements, high intraclass correlation (ICC) was noted (0.88–1.00). The nasal maximum ciliary muscle thickness (CMTMAX) and distance between scleral spur to the thickest point of the ciliary muscle (SSMAX) were larger than those on the temporal side ( p <0.001 and p = 0.006, respectively). Nasal and temporal CMTMAX ( p = 0.004 and p <0.001, respectively) and lens thickness ( p <0.01) increased with age. Nasal and temporal SSMAX decreased with older age and increasing hyperopia ( p = 0.01 and p <0.001, respectively). Image averaging resulted in improved ciliary muscle measurements ( p = 0.008 to 0.02). Lens vault increased with older age and increased hyperopia ( p <0.01). OCT measurements of the angle decreased with older age and increased hyperopia ( p< 0.001 to 0.03). Aqueous depth decreased with older age and increased hyperopia ( p <0.01). Pupil diameter decreased with older age ( p <0.01). Conclusions Repeatability and reproducibility of biometric measurements using the ANTERION AS-OCT were excellent. Image averaging improved the accuracy of ciliary muscle measurements. The device produced measurements of biometric parameters that described superficial and deep structures including the ciliary body and full lens thickness from a single image.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age- and refraction-related changes in anterior segment anatomical structures measured by swept-source anterior segment OCT

Xie¹,

Corradetti²,

Song³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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show abstract

“…To analyze the changes in ciliary muscle with accommodation, investigators have used 1% cyclopentolate or 1% tropicamide for ciliary muscle paralysis [ 46 , 47 ]. Previous studies have confirmed that the ciliary muscle thickness at CMTmax increases with accommodation, and we verified that the ciliary muscle thickness at CMTmax decreased with cycloplegia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Study of the Effects of 1% Atropine on the Anterior Segment

Zhou

Cai

et al. 2020

Journal of Ophthalmology

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Purpose. To investigate the influences of atropine on changes in anterior segment geometry, as measured by ultrasound biomicroscopy in children. Methods. A prospective observational study was performed. Anterior segment parameters were obtained by UBM before and after the instillation of 1% atropine. Univariate linear regression was performed to identify the variables contributing to the changes in the trabecular meshwork-iris angle (TIA). Results. The study included 21 boys and 37 girls with a mean age of 10.79 ± 2.53 years. Anterior chamber parameters including the central anterior chamber depth, TIA, angle opening distance at 500 μm from the scleral spur, iris thickness 750 μm and 1500 μm from the scleral spur, trabecular-ciliary angle (TCA), trabecular-ciliary process distance, sclera-iris angle (SIA), and sclera-ciliary process angle significantly increased after cycloplegia ( P < 0.05 ). In contrast, the lens vault, iris cross-sectional area, and maximum ciliary muscle thickness significantly decreased after cycloplegia. Univariate analysis identified the change in TCA and the change in SIA and the TIA before mydriasis as determinants of the change in TIA. Conclusions. Atropine causes statistically significant changes in various anterior segment parameters in children. The change in anterior chamber angle is associated with the change in TCA and the change in SIA and the TIA before mydriasis.

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“…Compliance with instructions could not be assessed. Future studies could use pharmacological stimulation [17,19,38,39] to avoid subject cooperation. Also, nonsignificant results with p values suggestive of trends were seen in some cases (older individuals and in the refractive analyses) where increased sample could have increased power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Overall, these findings supported Helmholtz theory of accommodation [7] in which circumferential ciliary muscle contraction leads to a relaxation of lens zonules and rounding up of the lens to increase refractive power. In live humans, accommodation research has utilized different imaging modalities such as Scheimpflug slit lamp camera systems [8], magnetic resonance imaging [9], ultrasound biomicroscopy (UBM) [10], and optical coherence tomography (OCT) [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing accommodative presbyopic biometric changes of the entire anterior segment using single swept-source OCT image acquisitions

Xie

Sultan

Corradetti

et al. 2021

Eye

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Background/Objectives To evaluate biometric changes throughout the anterior chamber during accommodation and presbyopia using single image acquisition swept-source anterior-segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Subject/Methods Anterior-segment images were obtained using a new swept-source AS-OCT device (ANTERION, Heidelberg Engineering) from healthy volunteers (n = 71) across two centers in this prospective observational case series. In one image acquisition, cornea through posterior lens, including the ciliary muscle on both sides of the right eye, was imaged. Subjects undertook no accommodative effort and −1, −3, and −5 D of target vergence. Two-way repeated measures ANOVA modeling was performed for ciliary muscle measurements, lens parameters, aqueous depth (AD), and pupil diameter (PD). The first ANOVA factor was accommodative stimuli, and the second factor included age and refractive status.Results Maximum ciliary muscle thickness increased with accommodative stimuli (p < 0.001), while the distance from the scleral spur to the maximal point on the ciliary muscle and posterior ciliary muscle thickness (CMT2) decreased (p < 0.001-0.002). Older individuals showed no accommodative changes for ciliary muscle parameters, lens thickness, lens vault, PD, and AD (p = 0.07-0.32). Younger-and middle-aged eyes showed statistically significant accommodative structural alterations for these endpoints (p < 0.001-0.002), but with different patterns, including early loss of CMT2 contraction in middle-aged eyes. Within the middle-aged group, myopic eyes maintained better capacity for accommodative structural change. Conclusions Swept-source AS-OCT demonstrated multiple simultaneous anterior-segment biometric alterations in single acquisition images, including early loss of posterior ciliary muscle function and better maintained capacity for anteriorsegment structural change in myopia.

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Observation of Ciliary Body Changes during Accommodation Using Anterior OCT

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

Age- and refraction-related changes in anterior segment anatomical structures measured by swept-source anterior segment OCT

Age- and refraction-related changes in anterior segment anatomical structures measured by swept-source anterior segment OCT

Comparative Study of the Effects of 1% Atropine on the Anterior Segment

Assessing accommodative presbyopic biometric changes of the entire anterior segment using single swept-source OCT image acquisitions

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