Observation of coronal mass ejections in association with sun spot number and solar flares

Abstract

The sun’s atmosphere is frequently disrupted by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) coupled with different solar happening like sun spot number (SSN), geomagnetic storms (GMS), solar energetic particle and solar flare. CMEs play the important role in the root cause of weather in earth’s space environment among all solar events. CMEs are considered as the major natural hazardous happening at the surface of sun because this event can cause several other phenomena like solar flare and many more. In this work, we report a statistical observation for the relationship of CMEs having linear speed >500 km/s with SSN and solar flares that were registered during the period 1997-2015. Test results of the annual correlation between SSN and CMEs is 0.77 and can be represented by a linear regression equation. We concluded that SSN and solar flares are well correlated with CMEs in most of the yearly compiled data for this time span.

Solar wind H+ fluxes at 1 AU for solar cycles 23 and 24

“…Consequently, the integral proton flux magnitude for the FSW flow is smaller for Sun minimum activity as opposed to its maximum activity state. It is related due to the fact that during the solar maximum activity state the coronal holes (Karna et al, 2020) and the CME events (Lamy et al, 2019;Gour et al, 2021) appear more frequently nearby the Sun's equator. They are both responsible for generating protons with a wider energy range in the SW stream.…”

Two-Stage Solar Flare Forecasting Based on Convolutional Neural Networks

“…The intensity scale of solar flare can reflect the overall level of solar eruption. Statistics and experience [2][3][4][5][6] show that the larger the flare, the more likely it is to be accompanied by other solar outbursts such as solar proton event or CME, and the more severe the effects on the Earth, thus affecting spaceflight, communication, navigation, power transmission, and other technological systems. In a sense, solar flare is an important indicator of solar storm.…”