Observation of excited-state excitons and band-gap renormalization in hole-doped carbon nanotubes using photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy

Kimoto, Yoshio; Okano, Masaya; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko

doi:10.1103/physrevb.87.195416

Cited by 13 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…The observation of this nonresonant background is consistent with former PLE measurements [5,15] and with recent absorption studies conducted for individual large-diameter nanotubes between higher transitions [16,17] that systematically show a sizable background between higher transitions. These studies are in agreement with our observations regarding both the profile and the magnitude of the nonresonant signal.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Universal nonresonant absorption in carbon nanotubes

Malić

Langlois²,

Chassagneux³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. B

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Photoluminescence excitation measurements in semiconducting carbon nanotubes show a systematic nonresonant contribution between the well-known excitonic resonances. Using a global analysis method, we were able to delineate the contribution of each chiral species, including its tiny nonresonant component. By comparison with the recently reported excitonic absorption cross section on the S 22 resonance, we found a universal nonresonant absorbance which turns out to be of the order of one-half of that of an equivalent graphene sheet. This value, as well as the absorption line shape in the nonresonant window, is in excellent agreement with microscopic calculations based on the density-matrix formalism. This nonresonant absorption of semiconducting nanotubes is essentially frequency independent over 0.5-eV-wide windows and reaches approximately the same value between the S 11 and S 22 resonances and between the S 22 and S 33 resonances. In addition, the nonresonant absorption cross section turns out to be the same for all the chiral species we measured in this study. From a practical point of view, this study provides a solid framework for sample content analysis based on photoluminescence studies by targeting specific excitation wavelengths that lead to almost uniform excitation of all the chiral species of a sample within a given diameter range.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Universal nonresonant absorption in carbon nanotubes

Malić

Langlois²,

Chassagneux³

et al. 2014

Phys. Rev. B

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“…Around 3 eV, this spectrum begins to increase gradually. Although the 2-PLE technique is sensitive and powerful to trace the excitonic or even higher order peaks [48,49], no peak structure is observed for the MAPbCl 3 single crystal. According to the selection rule for optical transitions involving two photons, the 2p exciton is allowed.…”

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Near-Band-Edge Optical Responses of CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals: Photon Recycling of Excitonic Luminescence

2018

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The determination of the band gap and exciton energies of lead halide perovskites is very important from the viewpoint of fundamental physics and photonic device applications. By using photoluminescence excitation (PLE) spectra, we reveal the optical properties of CH_{3}NH_{3}PbCl_{3} single crystals in the near-band-edge energy regime. The one-photon PLE spectrum exhibits the 1s exciton peak at 3.11 eV. On the contrary, the two-photon PLE spectrum exhibits no peak structure. This indicates photon recycling of excitonic luminescence. By analyzing the spatial distribution of the excitons and photon recycling, we obtain 3.15 eV for the band gap energy and 41 meV for the exciton binding energy.

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“…In SWCNTs, carrier doping has been actively studied using chemical modification [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] 47 Under strong photoexcitation conditions, dissociated carriers resulting from Auger recombination can create trion states with a subsequent absorbed photon. 43 Positive and negative trion states show almost the same binding energies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In SWCNTs, carrier doping has been actively studied using chemical modification [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] ing can modify the exciton dynamics through the exciton-carrier interactions. Carrier doping causes quenching of exciton absorption and PL, [26][27][28][29][30][39][40][41][42] exciton peak shifts, 36,41,42 reduction in the bandgap energy, 36 and rapid exciton decay. 28,32,35,37 In addition, a bound state, a trion (a charged exciton), is discovered energetically below the E 11 exciton state in hole-doped SWCNT samples.…”

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confidence: 99%

Review—Photophysics of Trions in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

Nishihara¹,

Okano²,

Yamada³

et al. 2017

ECS J. Solid State Sci. Technol.

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The photophysics of trions in single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) is reviewed briefly. The trion state is observed energetically below the exciton state in hole-doped SWCNTs, and shows a simple single-exponential decay. The decay dynamics of trions depends on the photoexcitation condition. The optical responses of trions can be discussed by considering the energy relaxation of the optically accessible trion state. Detailed studies of excitons, trions, and biexcitons provide a deep understanding of the material properties of SWCNTs and are required for the design of photonic devices based on SWCNTs. 3,4 which has led to accelerated experimental studies on various optical properties of SWCNTs. Electrons and holes are strongly spatially confined to diameters on the order of 1 nm, resulting in room temperature stable excitons with large binding energies in the range of 200-400 meV.5-11 The exciton dynamics thus dominates the optical properties of semiconducting SWCNTs. 5,6 High-quality carbon nanomaterials provide an excellent experimental stage for studies on photophysics of excitons and exciton complexes.The exciton structures in SWCNTs are complicated due to the intrinsic properties of graphene, their unique helical structures, and coulomb interactions. 5 The origin of the optical absorption and PL is ascribed to the dipole-allowed (bright) exciton states, and their dynamics are affected by the interplay with the dipole-forbidden (dark) exciton states. Single nanotube spectroscopy has revealed details of the intrinsic exciton properties. For example, magneto-optical studies showed that the even-parity singlet dark exciton state is located energetically below the bright exciton state.12,13 Thermalization between the bright and dark exciton states determines the temperaturedependent PL properties 12,13 and the exciton diffusion length. 14,15 Furthermore, strong spatial confinement accentuates the exciton-exciton and exciton-electron interactions. Time-resolved transient absorption (TA) and PL spectroscopy measurements have revealed that multiple exciton states show rapid decays due to nonradiative Auger recombination. [16][17][18][19] Nonradiative Auger recombination, which competes with exciton diffusion, determines the PL efficiency of semiconducting SWCNTs, [20][21][22][23][24] and it ensures nonclassical PL by preventing the occupation of identical exciton states. 25Carrier doping is one of the most important techniques in semiconductors, which controls their electrical and optical properties. In SWCNTs, carrier doping has been actively studied using chemical modification [26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] 47 Under strong photoexcitation conditions, dissociated carriers resulting from Auger recombination can create trion states with a subsequent absorbed photon. 43 Positive and negative trion states show almost the same binding energies. 46 Time-resolved TA and PL measurements have revealed fast formation of the trion state through the exciton-hole interaction. 48,49 Active experimental stud...

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Observation of excited-state excitons and band-gap renormalization in hole-doped carbon nanotubes using photoluminescence excitation spectroscopy

Cited by 13 publications

References 48 publications

Universal nonresonant absorption in carbon nanotubes

Universal nonresonant absorption in carbon nanotubes

Near-Band-Edge Optical Responses of CH3NH3PbCl3 Single Crystals: Photon Recycling of Excitonic Luminescence

Review—Photophysics of Trions in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes

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