Observation of Stimulated Emission of Radiation by Relativistic Electrons in a Spatially Periodic Transverse Magnetic Field

Elias, Luis R.; Fairbank, W. M.; Madey, J. M. J.; Schwettman, H. A.; Smith, T. I.

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.36.717

Cited by 618 publications

(166 citation statements)

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“…In 1971, Madey [8] re-analysed the possibility of exchanging energy between free electrons and electromagnetic radiation in the small-gain regime, using a quantum-theoretical approach. This was followed by successful experimental demonstration of an FEL amplifier [9], and an FEL oscillator [10] at 10 µm wavelength by Madey and collaborators.…”

Section: Submitted To Journal Of Physics B: Atomic Molecular and Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…After the first demonstration of an FEL amplifier which was seeded by a CO 2 laser at 10.6 µm wavelength [9], the FEL gain process has been employed in different ways to build free-electron lasers. Many FEL oscillators have been constructed which work in the infrared and visible region, with wavelengths from several hundred µm to <200 nm, using optical cavities and suitable electron bunch timing in the linear accelerator or storage ring (see figure 4).…”

Section: The Fel Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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X-ray free-electron lasers

Feldhaus

Arthur

Hastings

2005

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

157

127

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In a free-electron laser (FEL) the lasing medium is a high-energy beam of electrons flying with relativistic speed through a periodic magnetic field. The interaction between the synchrotron radiation that is produced and the electrons in the beam induces a periodic bunching of the electrons, greatly increasing the intensity of radiation produced at a particular wavelength. Depending only on a phase match between the electron energy and the magnetic period, the wavelength of the FEL radiation can be continuously tuned within a wide spectral range. The FEL concept can be adapted to produce radiation wavelengths from millimetres toÅngstroms, and can in principle produce hard x-ray beams with unprecedented peak brightness, exceeding that of the brightest synchrotron source by ten orders of magnitude or more. This paper focuses on short-wavelength FELs. It reviews the physics and characteristic properties of single-pass FELs, as well as current technical developments aiming for fully coherent x-ray radiation pulses with pulse durations in the 100 fs to 100 as range. First experimental results at wavelengths around 100 nm and examples of scientific applications planned on the new, emerging x-ray FEL facilities are presented.

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Section: Submitted To Journal Of Physics B: Atomic Molecular and Optmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Fel Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray free-electron lasers

Feldhaus

Arthur

Hastings

2005

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

157

127

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“…Similar to Eq. (13), -y is given by of the electromagnetic wave can be determined by solving the third equation in (20).…”

Section: 'Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the trapped-electron distribution on the sideband instability in a helical wiggler free-electron laser

Yang

Davidson

1990

Physics of Fluids B: Plasma Physics

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Use is made of the Vlasov-Maxwell equations to investigate detailed properties of the sideband instability for a helical wiggler free-electron laser with wiggler wavelength A, = 27r/ko =const and normalized wiggler amplitude a, = eB./mc 2 ko =const. The model describes the nonlinear evolution of a right-circularly polarized primary electromagnetic wave with frequency w,, wavenumber k,, and slowly varying amplitude a,(z, t) and phase 8,(z,t) (eikonal approximation). The coupled Vlasov and field-evolution equations are analyzed in the ponderomotive frame ("primed" variables) moving with velocity v, = w,/(k, -+-ko) relative to the laboratory. Detailed properties of the sideband instability are investigated for small-amplitude perturbations about a quasi-steady state characterized by an equilibrium electron distribution f'(-yb) and a primary electromagnetic wave with constant amplitude a' =const (independent of z' and t') and slowly varying phase 60(z'). A formal dispersion relation is derived for perturbations about a general equilibrium distribution f 0 (ys) which may include both trapped and untrapped electrons. For the case where only trapped electrons are present, the dispersion relation is reduced to a simple analytical form. Detailed properties of the sideband instability are investigated for the case where the trapped electrons uniformly populate the ponderomotive potential up to an energy 7's < +, where j is the energy at the separatrix. Analysis of the dispersion relation shows that the maximum energy of the trapped-electron population (4') significantly affects detailed stability properties in the strong-pump and intermediate-pump regimes.

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“…Since their first experimental realization [1], free electron lasers (FEL) have been one of the most promising sources of coherent electromagnetic radiation [2,3]. The physics of FEL emission is radically different from that of any other laser sources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%