Observation of the dynamics of follicular development in the ovary

Wang

2019

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

Follicular development and following ovulation induced by luteinizing hormone (LH) surge are critical for ovarian functions, but the molecular mechanism regulating ovarian ovulation attracts more attention and remains mainly unknown. Recent researches on the nucleotide leukin rich polypeptide 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome shred light on it. Given pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) can not only trigger the follicular development, but also induce the following ovulation, the present study therefore examined that expression and localization of NLRP3 inflammasome through immunohistochemistry and Western blotting during the follicular development induced by PMSG. The results showed expressions of NLRP3 and the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) significantly increased in the outside of intrafollicular fluid, further analysis found that caspase-1 was activated and IL-1β production was also upregulated after 52 h-treatment of PMSG. Furthermore, a significant increase of ovulation-related genes, hypoxia inducible factor (HIF)-1α and endothelin (ET)-1, was found after 52 h-treatment of PMSG. To our knowledge, it is the first time to clearly indicated the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome may contribute to the ovulation of PMSG-treated ovaries, which will help to further clarify the ovulatory mechanism in mammals.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression and Contribution of NLRP3 Inflammasome During the Follicular Development Induced by PMSG

Wang

2019

Front. Cell Dev. Biol.

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

“…This process is long, requiring almost 1 year for a primordial follicle to grow to the ovulatory stage . However, the dynamics and regulatory mechanisms of follicular development in the ovary are not fully understood . In this case, 3 years might have been the required time for a primordial follicle to re‐start follicle development, moving from a primordial follicle after chemotherapy to the development of the ovulatory stage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between spontaneous ovulation and serum anti‐Müllerian hormone levels in a premature ovarian insufficiency patient after a multimodal treatment for breast cancer

Wakimoto

Fukui

Wakimoto

et al. 2019

The high toxicity of chemotherapy can damage a patient's gonadal function, leading to premature ovarian insufficiency (POI). Here, we report the case of a patient suffering from POI after chemotherapy for breast cancer, who 3 years later ovulated spontaneously and became pregnant. The patient, a 31-year-old infertile women, nulligravida, was diagnosed with breast cancer. The Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) level in her serum was 1.85 ng/mL before multimodal treatment for cancer. She later visited our hospital for amenorrhea and 2 years after cancer treatment, she was diagnosed with POI. Her AMH level at that point was less than 0.1 ng/mL. One year after the diagnosis of POI, the patient's AMH level increased slightly to 0.14 ng/mL and she ovulated spontaneously. The patient later became pregnant using Assisted Reproductive Technology on the fourth attempt.During the course of treatment for infertility at our hospital, the AMH levels in her serum changed along with the recovery of ovarian function. These findings suggest the possibility that ovulation and pregnancy could be predicted by the chronological changes of the AMH levels in the patient's serum.

“…Many researchers have focused on the role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis in the process of reproduction, including follicle development and differentiation, ovulation, and follicular atresia ( Johnson et al, 1996 ). The HPO axis can regulate the ovulation cycle and egg production directly or indirectly by mediating the levels of reproductive hormones secreted by the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary ( Komatsu and Masubuchi, 2017 ; Brady et al, 2020 ). Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) can stimulate the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary gland, subsequently triggering the release of estradiol, androgen, and progesterone in ovarian follicles.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Regulatory Factors in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian Axis of Hens at Four Developmental Stages

et al. 2020

Front. Genet.

Ovarian follicular development is an extremely complex and precise process in which the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian (HPO) axis plays a crucial role. However, research on the regulatory factors of the HPO axis is sparse. In this study, transcriptomes of the tissues in the entire HPO axis at 15, 20, 30, and 68 w of age were analyzed. In total, 381, 622, and 1090 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were found among the hypothalamus, pituitary, and ovary, respectively. In particular, the greatest number of DEGs (867) was identified from the comparison of ovary at 30 and 15 w, which might be related to ovarian development and function at high ovulation capacity. The Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses indicated that most of these DEGs in the significantly enriched biological process (BP) terms and pathways were primarily involved in tissue development and the regulation of reproductive hormone biosynthesis and secretion. The latter is highly related to the HPO axis. Therefore, a number of hub candidate genes strongly associated with the HPO axis in each tissue were filtered by analyzing the Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and seven known reproductive hormone-associated key genes were obtained: PGR, HSD3B2, CYP17A1, CYP11A1, CYP21A2, STS , and CYP19A1 , and 12 novel genes: ROCK2, TBP, GTF2H2, GTF2B, DHCR24, DHCR7, FDFT1, LSS, SQLE, MSMO1, CYP51A1 , and PANK3 . These will be utilized for further research into the function of the HPO axis. This study has highlighted the major role of the HPO axis in the reproduction of hens at the four developmental stages and explored the novel factors that might regulate reproduction, thus providing new insights into the function of the HPO axis on the reproductive system.