Observation of the energy distribution of thermal electrons in the midlatitude ionosphere

Amemiya, Hiroshi; Oyama, K.‐I.; Hirao, Kazuyuki

doi:10.1016/0032-0633(85)90102-3

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…We obtained Te only in the F-layer to be 800 K. The previous observation in 1983, January 15, 5 h 40m from KSC indicated 750 K at 180 km (AMEMIYA et al,1985). As other previous data in the winter nights, Te = 500 K at 150 km, 350 K at 100 km, 260 K at 80 km OYAMA, 1972, 1982).…”

Section: Due To This Variation Of M+ With H Ro Is a Function Of H Assupporting

confidence: 77%

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Measurement of Negative Ions in the D-Layer by a Sounding Rocket.

Amemiya

Nakamura

1993

J. geomagn. geoelec

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The result of observations on the D-layer by the S-310-20 rocket, which was launched from the Kagoshima Space Center (KSC) at 4:30 am in January 28, 1990, is presented. A Faraday cup with a grid and a collector was used to measure the currents of charged particles of both signs. The saturation currents at positive and negative biases are found to be of a comparable order up to 85 km. It is deduced from the data analysis by considering the rocket velocity and precession that in the D-layer the ratio of the negative to the positive ion density is 80-88% at heights lower than 82 km and decreases with height above 82 km toward the E-layer. The effective negative ion density is nearly constant below 74 km, increases from 102 to 103 CM -3 toward 85 km, and then decreases toward the E-layer.

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Section: Due To This Variation Of M+ With H Ro Is a Function Of H Assupporting

confidence: 77%

“…At 2 s after the launching, the glass tube was cut and at 3 s the probe was deployed, respectively. The measuring circuit was similar as used in previous rocket measurements (AMEMIYA et al, 1985). Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the pre-amplifier.…”

Section: Faraday Cup (Fc) and Langmuir Probe (Lp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of Negative Ions in the D-Layer by a Sounding Rocket.

Amemiya

Nakamura

1993

J. geomagn. geoelec

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“…Almost without exception the surface of the electrode is contaminated. However even we remove the effect of electrode contamination or use the instrument which can avoid the electrode contamination (Hirao and Oyama, 1970;Oyama and Hirao, 1976), T e measured by DC Langmuir probe is higher than model T n (Oyama et al, 1980;Duhau and Azpiazu, 1985;Amemiya et al, 1985), although very rarely we observed T e which is very close to T n (Hirao and Oyama, 1973;Rohde et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Possible interaction between thermal electrons and vibrationally excited N<sub>2</sub> in the lower E-region

et al. 2011

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Abstract. As one of the tasks to find the energy source(s) of thermal electrons, which elevate(s) electron temperature higher than neutral temperature in the lower ionosphere Eregion, energy distribution function of thermal electron was measured with a sounding rocket at the heights of 93-131 km by the applying second harmonic method.The energy distribution function showed a clear hump at the energy of ∼0.4 eV. In order to find the reason of the hump, we conducted laboratory experiment. We studied difference of the energy distribution functions of electrons in thermal energy range, which were measured with and without EUV radiation to plasma of N 2 /Ar and N 2 /O 2 gas mixture respectively. For N 2 /Ar gas mixture plasma, the hump is not clearly identified in the energy distribution of thermal electrons. On the other hand for N 2 /O 2 gas mixture, which contains vibrationally excited N 2 , a clear hump is found when irradiated by EUV.The laboratory experiment seems to suggest that the hump is produced as a result of interaction between vibrationally excited N 2 and thermal electrons, and this interaction is the most probable heating source for the electrons of thermal energy range in the lower E-region. It is also suggested that energy distribution of the electrons in high energy part may not be Maxwellian, and DC probe measures the electrons which are non Maxwellian, and therefore "electron temperature" is calculated higher.

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“…Amemiya et al . [] reported observational results for the electron distribution functions obtained from rocket experiments performed in Japan and indicated that they are almost Maxwellian in the F region. Therefore, Group A waves would be induced by interaction between the ionospheric plasma and a moving rocket, since the undisturbed plasma is expected to be Maxwellian.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, it is not expected that such distributions are formed in the midlatitude lower ionosphere because there are no magnetic mirrors and precipitating electrons making the loss cone distribution. Amemiya et al [1985] reported observational results for the electron distribution functions obtained from rocket experiments performed in Japan and indicated that they are almost Maxwellian in the F region. Therefore, Group A waves would be induced by interaction between the ionospheric plasma and a moving rocket, since the undisturbed plasma is expected to be Maxwellian.…”

Section: Generation Processes Of Observed Wavesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of wake‐induced plasma waves around an ionospheric sounding rocket

2015

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Plasma waves generated around the plasma wake of a supersonically moving rocket are studied using data from an impedance probe and a wave receiver installed on the sounding rocket S-520-26. These instruments were used to measure the electron number density and plasma waves at 260 ms intervals, which allows four to five measurements per rotation. During the flight of the S-520-26, three types of plasma waves were observed: short-wavelength electrostatic waves such as electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic waves, upper hybrid resonance mode waves, and whistler mode waves, assuming that the observed waves are produced in the near wake of the rocket. The wave generation mechanisms are discussed by calculating the linear growth rates of electrostatic waves; positive growth rates are obtained with the assumption of an anisotropic electron distribution function having a beam component or temperature anisotropy. We revealed the spatial distribution of the wave activity around the rocket and its relationship with the wake structure by analysis of the spin-phase dependence of the waves and the observed electron number density. The spin-phase dependence suggests that there are localized hot plasmas around the wake structure that can induce various types of plasma instability.

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Observation of the energy distribution of thermal electrons in the midlatitude ionosphere

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Measurement of Negative Ions in the D-Layer by a Sounding Rocket.

Measurement of Negative Ions in the D-Layer by a Sounding Rocket.

Possible interaction between thermal electrons and vibrationally excited N<sub>2</sub> in the lower E-region

Observation of wake‐induced plasma waves around an ionospheric sounding rocket

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Observation of the energy distribution of thermal electrons in the midlatitude ionosphere

Cited by 10 publications

References 32 publications

Measurement of Negative Ions in the D-Layer by a Sounding Rocket.

Measurement of Negative Ions in the D-Layer by a Sounding Rocket.

Possible interaction between thermal electrons and vibrationally excited N&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the lower E-region

Observation of wake‐induced plasma waves around an ionospheric sounding rocket

Contact Info

Product

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Possible interaction between thermal electrons and vibrationally excited N<sub>2</sub> in the lower E-region