Observational Requirements for Global-Scale Ocean Climate Analysis: Lessons from Ocean State Estimation

Heimbach, Patrick; Forget, Gaël; Ponte, Rui M.; Wunsch, Carl; Balmaseda, Magdalena; Awaji, Toshiyuki; Baehr, Johanna; Behringer, David; Carton, James A.; Ferry, Nicolas; Fischer, Albert; Fukumori, Ichiro; Giese, Benjamin S.; Haines, Keith; Harrison, Ed; Hernández, F.; Kamachi, Masafumi; Keppenne, Christian L.; Köhl, Armin; Lee, T.; Menemenlis, Dimitris; Oke, Peter R.; Rémy, E.; Rienecker, Michele M.; Rosati, Anthony; Smith, Doug; Speer, Kevin; Stammer, Detlef; Weaver, Anthony

doi:10.5270/oceanobs09.cwp.42

Cited by 33 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(51 reference statements)

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“…Many of the ideas and results presented in this paper are based on presentations from the OOPC-GODAE OSSE/OSE meeting. Other recent reviews that provide an assessment of the GOOS for constraining data assimilating ocean models include [1,2] and [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational Requirements of GODAE Systems

Oke

2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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Global ocean forecast systems, developed under the Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE), can be used to assess the impact of different components of the Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). GODAE systems can be exploited to help identify observational gaps and to ultimately improve the efficiency and effectiveness of the GOOS for constraining ocean models for ocean prediction and reanalysis. Many tools are currently being used by the GODAE community to evaluate the GOOS. Observing System Experiments, where different components of the GOOS are systematically with-held, can help quantify the extent to which the skill of a model depends on each observation type. Various other techniques, including observing system simulation experiments, adjoint-and ensemble-based approaches, can be used to aid the design and evaluation of ocean observing systems. A suite of examples using these methods to evaluate the GOOS from a GODAE perspective are presented in this paper. Also included in this paper is a proposed plan to move these activities towards routine monitoring of the GOOS using operational GODAE systems.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observational Requirements of GODAE Systems

Oke

2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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“…In general, the deep ocean can be expected to grow in importance with the time-scale of interest, so it is important for documentation and study of climate trends as well as for longer-term climate prediction that the observing system below 2000 m is improved. [27].…”

Section: Figure 4 the Number Of Global Temperature Observations Per mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…decadal and beyond). Some preliminary analysis of OSEs can be found in [27], [106], [107] and [108]. Many outstanding questions, such as the optimal ocean observing system for estimating long-term freshwater and heat transports within the global climate system, remain.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various other techniques, including observing system simulation experiments (OSSEs), adjoint-and ensemble-based approaches, can be used to aid the design and evaluation of ocean observing systems. Examples of various evaluations of the observing system can be found in [27], [46] and [100] .…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They infer that all observation types are required for constraining mesoscale circulation models. An example from climate analyses is that from the ECCO group (Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, see [27]) who incrementally added different data types to an ECCO synthesis for 2006. Fig.…”

Section: The Current Global Synthesis Effortsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis and Assimilation Systems - Essential Adjuncts to the Global Ocean Observing System

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et al. 2010

Proceedings of OceanObs'09: Sustained Ocean Observations and Information for Society

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Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

2016

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The overall goal of the Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS) community activities reported in this special issue is to enhance understanding of processes and mechanisms driving Arctic Ocean marine and sea ice changes, and the consequences of those changes especially in biogeochemical and ecosystem studies. Major 2013–2015 FAMOS accomplishments to date are: identification of consistent errors across Arctic regional models; approaches to reduce these errors, and recommendations for the most effective coupled sea ice‐ocean models for use in fully coupled regional and global climate models. 2013–2015 FAMOS coordinated analyses include many process studies, using models together with observations to investigate: dynamics and mechanisms responsible for drift, deformation and thermodynamics of sea ice; pathways and mechanisms driving variability of the Atlantic, Pacific and river waters in the Arctic Ocean; processes of freshwater accumulation and release in the Beaufort Gyre; the fate of melt water from Greenland; characteristics of ocean eddies; biogeochemistry and ecosystem processes and change, climate variability, and predictability. Future FAMOS collaborations will focus on employing models and conducting observations at high and very high spatial and temporal resolution to investigate the role of subgrid‐scale processes in regional Arctic Ocean and coupled ice‐ocean and atmosphere‐ice‐ocean models.

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Observational Requirements for Global-Scale Ocean Climate Analysis: Lessons from Ocean State Estimation

Cited by 33 publications

References 51 publications

Observational Requirements of GODAE Systems

Observational Requirements of GODAE Systems

Synthesis and Assimilation Systems - Essential Adjuncts to the Global Ocean Observing System

Forum for Arctic Modeling and Observational Synthesis (FAMOS): Past, current, and future activities

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