Observational Study Regarding Two Bonding Systems and the Challenges of Their Use in Orthodontics: An In Vitro Evaluation

Abstract

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze and identify a methodology for the improvement of the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets bonded with two orthodontic adhesive systems considered to be widely used, Transbond Plus Color Change with Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer and Fuji Ortho LC with orthophosphoric acid under various enamel conditions: dry, moistened with water and moistened with saliva. The sample size included a group of 120 freshly extracted premolars distributed into six study groups, each one of 20 teeth. A universal testing machine was used to detach the brackets. We determined and compared the strength of the two studied adhesive systems used in different enamel surface conditions. The mean shear bond strength values in groups 1 (TPCC, TSEP, dry), 2 (TPCC, TSEP, water), 3 (TPCC, TSEP, saliva), 4 (Fuji Ortho LC, etched, dry enamel), 5 (Fuji Ortho LC, etched enamel, water) and 6 (Fuji Ortho LC, etched enamel, saliva) were 15.86, 12.31, 13.04, 15.27, 14.14 and 13.11 MPa, respectively. ANOVA test and Student’s t-test showed significant differences between groups. While clinically acceptable shear bond strengths were obtained for all six studied groups, a particular outcome that to the authors’ knowledge has not been documented elsewhere has been obtained: in case of water contamination, it is preferable to use Fuji Ortho LC instead of Transbond Plus.

Physical/mechanical and antibacterial properties of orthodontic adhesives containing Sr-bioactive glass nanoparticles, calcium phosphate, and andrographolide

“…A high SBS is essential for ensuring that the active force from the archwire can be transferred to the anchored tooth without dislodgement. Although the SBSs of the experimental adhesives were lower than that of Trans, the values were still higher than the minimum clinically acceptable SBS (5.9–7.8 MPa) 45 . It is speculated that the addition of nonsilanized fillers may detrimentally reduce the SBSs of the experimental adhesives by the accelerated degradation of the matrix-filler interface during thermocycling.…”

A Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Surface Roughness of Two Different Bonding Adhesives After Debonding With Atomic Force Microscopy

“…The shear bond strength, bracket failure, and bond strengths of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded with RMGIC were close to that of composite-based adhesives and were within the estimated range for successful clinical bonding [ 7 , 20 - 24 ].…”

“…Though the bond strength of the RMGIC adhesive is less than the composite resin, the added advantage of glass ionomer such as fluoride release overweighs the disadvantages. Further, it can be used on conditioned and unconditioned enamel surfaces [ 7 , 23 , 24 ]. It can be assumed from the above studies that the bond strength of the GIC cement may be at least equal or superior to that of composite resin for the placement of orthodontic brackets because it is less harmful to dental enamel.…”

Effects of Acidic Environments on Dental Structures after Bracket Debonding

“…It is necessary to use phosphoric acid for etching, and to obtain the micropores on the enamel for mechanical bonding with the cement adhesive to obtain a satisfactory bond between the enamel and the tooth [ 19 ]. These cements have micro-mechanical mechanisms for adhesion [ 3 ], but they have enamel demineralization as a side effect. For this reason, fluoride-releasing cements were developed to inhibit the loss of minerals.…”

“…The ideal cement used for bracket bonding should have good retention to the surface of the tooth, enough strength to resist and transmit the orthodontic forces during the course of therapy, and should be able to be removed without resulting in iatrogenic damage to the enamel [ 3 ]. A bonding strength of 5.9–7.8 MPa is recommended for orthodontic treatment [ 1 ].…”