Observations of volcanic lightning during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano

Behnke, S. A.; Thomas, Ronald J.; McNutt, Stephen R.; Schneider, D. J.; Krehbiel, P. R.; Rison, W.; Edens, H. E.

doi:10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.12.010

Cited by 99 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…These results suggest that ash enriched in K 2 O will promote nucleation at higher temperatures compared to ash enriched in MnO and TiO 2 . These findings support previous observations which indicate that larger explosions are more likely to produce lightning than smaller explosions [5] and that the height of the eruption column will correlate with the number of lightning discharges [7,10], as larger explosions create more ash particles of smaller sizes and are sometimes sourced from magmas with evolved compositions. There are many other characteristics of volcanic plumes that may contribute to lightning generation that cannot be constrained by the study presented here, as the relationship between INA and volcanic ash composition represents only one aspect of the processes involved.…”

Section: Lightning Generation In Volcanic Plumessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The separation of ash particles with opposite charge causes development of an electric field, leading to lightning discharge. "Plume" lightning produces the longest discharge channels and is considered the most similar to thunderstorm lightning, where volcanic ash may act as ice nuclei, leading to tribocharging from ice-ice or ice-ash collisions [2,[5][6][7]. Ice collisions can only be an effective charging mechanism once the ash has reached an altitude at which ice nucleation can occur, between the −10 • C and −20 • C isotherms [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

et al. 2018

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Volcanic ash produced during explosive eruptions may serve as ice nuclei in the atmosphere, contributing to the occurrence of volcanic lightning due to tribocharging from ice-ice or ice-ash collisions. Here, different ash samples were tested using deposition-mode and immersion-mode ice nucleation experiments. Results show that bulk composition and mineral abundance have no measurable effect on depositional freezing at the temperatures tested, as all samples have similar ice saturation ratios. In the immersion mode, there is a strong positive correlation between K 2 O content and ice nucleation site density at −25 • C and a strong negative correlation between MnO and TiO 2 content at temperatures from −35 to −30 • C. The most efficient sample in the immersion mode has the highest surface area, smallest average grain size, highest K 2 O content, and lowest MnO content. These results indicate that although ash abundance-which creates more available surface area for nucleation-has a significant effect on immersion-mode freezing, composition may also contribute. Consequently, highly explosive eruptions of compositionally evolved magmas create the necessary parameters to promote ice nucleation on grain surfaces, which permits tribocharging due to ice-ice or ice-ash collisions, and contribute to the frequent occurrence of volcanic lightning within the eruptive column and plume during these events.

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Section: Lightning Generation In Volcanic Plumessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

et al. 2018

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“…Small scale discharges (with the length of lightning channels on the order of 10-100 m) occur directly above the vent during the explosive period of the eruption. Large scale discharges were observed in the plumes of volcanic ash [Behnke et al, 2013]. The plumes can be up to 10 km long in the later stages of volcanic eruptions.…”

Section: Possibility Of Atmospheric Discharges On Marsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anticipated plasma wave measurement onboard ExoMars 2020 surface platform

Kolmašová¹,

Santolı́k²,

Skalsky³

2018

Planetary Radio Emissions Viii

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The ExoMars 2020 Surface Platform will conduct environmental and geophysical measurements with the aim of studying the Martian surface and subsurface environment at the landing location. The Surface Platform instrumentation will include the Wave Analyzer Module (WAM) as a European contribution to the Russian-led Martian ground electromagnetic tool (MAIGRET) instrument. The wave analyzer module will be dedicated to measurements of magnetic field fluctuations in the frequency band from 100 Hz to 20 kHz. The scientific questions which we plan to address by measurements of the WAM have never been answered by direct measurements of the fluctuating magnetic fields in the appropriate range of frequencies directly on the surface of the planet. The immediate questions related to these targets are: 1. Can we observe electromagnetic radiation from electric discharges in the Martian dust storms? 2. Can we observe electromagnetic radiation propagating from the interplanetary space down to the surface of the planet?

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“…A number of techniques have been used to study the electrical activity of volcanic plumes including close-range VHF lightning mapping arrays (e.g., Thomas et al 2007;Behnke et al 2013), long-range VLF lightning observations (e.g., Bennett et al 2010) and optical lightning detection using high-speed cameras (Cimarelli et al 2015). Direct measurement of the electric field near the vent, where the electrical activity in the volcanic plume is first observed, is difficult, but a handful of studies exist including those by Anderson et al (1965), Gilbert et al (1991), James et al (1998), Miura et al (2002).…”

Section: Volcanic Lightning Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Electrification in Dusty, Reactive Gases in the Solar System and Beyond

et al. 2016

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Detailed observations of the solar system planets reveal a wide variety of local atmospheric conditions. Astronomical observations have revealed a variety of extrasolar planets none of which resembles any of the solar system planets in full. Instead, the most massive amongst the extrasolar planets, the gas giants, appear very similar to the class of (young) brown dwarfs which are amongst the oldest objects in the Universe. Despite this diversity, solar system planets, extrasolar planets and brown dwarfs have broadly similar global temperatures between 300 and 2500 K. In consequence, clouds of different chemical species form in their atmospheres. While the details of these clouds differ, the fundamental physical processes are the same. Further to this, all these objects were observed to produce radio and X-ray emissions. While both kinds of radiation are well studied on Earth and to a lesser extent on the solar system planets, the occurrence of emissions that potentially originate from accelerated electrons on brown dwarfs, extrasolar planets and protoplanetary disks is not well understood yet. This paper offers an interdisciplinary view on electrification processes and their feedback on their hosting environment in meteorology, volcanology, planetology and research on extrasolar planets and planet formation.

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Observations of volcanic lightning during the 2009 eruption of Redoubt Volcano

Cited by 99 publications

References 24 publications

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

Compositional and Mineralogical Effects on Ice Nucleation Activity of Volcanic Ash

Anticipated plasma wave measurement onboard ExoMars 2020 surface platform

Atmospheric Electrification in Dusty, Reactive Gases in the Solar System and Beyond

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