Observations on Clinical and Immunofluorescent Diagnosis of Parainfluenza Virus Infections

Gardner, P. S.; McQuillin, Joyce; McGuckin, R.; Ditchburn, R. K.

doi:10.1136/bmj.2.5752.7

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…For more than two decades, HPIV has been detected by IF (25,90,106,109,121,130,229,294,299,344,372,384). Originally these techniques involved the production of serotypespecific antisera in various animal species by each individual laboratory and subsequent conjugation to fluorescein isothiocyanate.…”

Section: Direct Examination For Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the neuramindase of HPIV-4 appears to be temperature sensitive because this virus hemadsorbs better at room temperature or 37°C while all of the other serotypes react well at 4°C (37,110). IF is the most rapid and accurate method currently available to detect and type HPIV in tissue culture (109,344,372). HPIV isolates are detected much faster using this technique than using to HAd, and IF detects positive cultures that never develop HAd.…”

Section: Virus Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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Human parainfluenza viruses (HPIV) were first discovered in the late 1950s. Over the last decade, considerable knowledge about their molecular structure and function has been accumulated. This has led to significant changes in both the nomenclature and taxonomic relationships of these viruses. HPIV is genetically and antigenically divided into types 1 to 4. Further major subtypes of HPIV-4 (A and B) and subgroups/genotypes of HPIV-1 and HPIV-3 have been described. HPIV-1 to HPIV-3 are major causes of lower respiratory infections in infants, young children, the immunocompromised, the chronically ill, and the elderly. Each subtype can cause somewhat unique clinical diseases in different hosts. HPIV are enveloped and of medium size (150 to 250 nm), and their RNA genome is in the negative sense. These viruses belong to the Paramyxoviridae family, one of the largest and most rapidly growing groups of viruses causing significant human and veterinary disease. HPIV are closely related to recently discovered megamyxoviruses (Hendra and Nipah viruses) and metapneumovirus

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Section: Direct Examination For Virusesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Virus Isolationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parainfluenza Viruses

2003

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“…Human parainfluenza virus type 3 is a major cause of lower respiratory tract disease, particularly in infants, seconid in incidence only to respiratory syncytial (RS) virus (Gardner et al 1971;Martin et al 1978). The virus is founid throughout the world and appears to infect children predominantly during the first 2 years of life, usually presenting as croup or bronchiolitis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of parainfluenza virus type 3 in England and Wales over a ten-year period

Easton

Eglin

1989

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…An additional limitation of this study is that, although shell-vial culture followed by immunofluorescence testing has been shown to be sensitive (80-100%) in diagnosing HPIV 1-3 infection [22,23], it is possible that some children may have tested negative due to shedding of low viral titres and were consequently excluded from this analysis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Associated with Human Parainfluenza Viruses 1-3 in Children Infected and Noninfected with HIV Type 1

Ramasamy

Petersen

et al. 2002

European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Dise

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The aim of this study was to compare the clinical course of severe lower respiratory tract infections associated with human parainfluenza virus types 1-3 (HPIV 1-3) in hospitalised children infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) versus that in hospitalised children not infected with HIV-1. Children were enrolled prospectively as part of a broader study that evaluated the aetiology of lower respiratory tract infections in HIV-1-infected and -noninfected children from March 1997 through March 1999. HPIV types 1-3 were isolated from nasopharyngeal aspirate samples that were analysed using immunofluorescein monoclonal antibody assays. Thirty percent (24 of 80) of the children from whom HPIV was isolated were infected with HIV-1. Sixty-six percent (47 of 62) and 22% (14 of 62) of the HPIV isolates that were typed were subtypes 3 and 1, respectively. The clinical presentation of severe lower respiratory tract infection was similar in both HIV-1-infected and -noninfected children, except that the former were less likely to have wheezing (4.2% vs. 28.6%, P=0.01). Furthermore, the duration of hospitalisation was longer in HIV-1-infected children than in HIV-1-noninfected children (median 11.5 days [range 1-15 days] vs. median 7.5 days [range 1-22 days]; P=0.02), and mortality was higher (5 of 24 [20.8%] infected children vs. 0 of 56 noninfected children; P=0.001). Importantly, four of five (80%) of the HIV-1-infected children who died had other concurrent illnesses or predisposing factors for severe HPIV-associated disease. HPIV-associated lower respiratory tract infection causes greater morbidity and mortality in HIV-1-infected children than in HIV-1-noninfected children; however, this may be due to other concurrent illnesses in HIV-1-infected children.

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Observations on Clinical and Immunofluorescent Diagnosis of Parainfluenza Virus Infections

Cited by 52 publications

References 18 publications

Parainfluenza Viruses

Parainfluenza Viruses

Epidemiology of parainfluenza virus type 3 in England and Wales over a ten-year period

Severe Lower Respiratory Tract Infections Associated with Human Parainfluenza Viruses 1-3 in Children Infected and Noninfected with HIV Type 1

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