Observations on how close certain passerine species will tolerate an approaching human in rural and suburban areas

Cooke, A. S.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(80)90072-5

Cited by 132 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Considering the effects of human disturbance upon other species, it is likely that sensitivity might differ among species: in general, the larger the species, the more sensitive it is. 17,27,46 Likewise, ground feeders would be more sensitive than foliage feeders. More research in this area is required in order to predict accurately human disturbance impacts in different urban scenarios.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of human disturbance on spatial and temporal feeding patterns of BlackbirdTurdus merulain urban parks in Madrid, Spain

Fernández‐Juricic¹,

Tellería²

2000

Bird Study

150

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bird sensitivity to human visitors can be assessed by way of flee distances. 46 We found no significant differences in Blackbird flee distances among the three parks (ANOVA, F 2,123 = 2.279, p < 0.001), being the mean response, 9.793 m (n = 126, sd = 5.338) (Fernández-Juricic, unpublished data).…”

Section: Endnotesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of human disturbance on spatial and temporal feeding patterns of BlackbirdTurdus merulain urban parks in Madrid, Spain

Fernández‐Juricic¹,

Tellería²

2000

Bird Study

150

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“…Because all animals continuously have to weigh the risk of falling prey to a predator by fleeing too late when approached against the benefits of staying put and hence continuing to feed and/or rest, FID constitutes an instantaneous measure of this individual trade-off. Cooke (1980) noticed that urban birds had much shorter flight distances than rural populations of the same species and that this difference depended on body size, the difference being larger in small species with high metabolism. This change in behavior between urban and rural habitats allowed birds to coexist with humans even at high human population densities, which are a cause of frequent disturbance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactive effects of fearfulness and geographical location on bird population trends

et al. 2014

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Animal populations are currently under pressure from multiple factors that include human land use and climate change. They may compensate for such effects by reducing, either by habituation or by natural selection, the distance at which they flee from humans (i.e., flight initiation distance), and this adaptation may improve their population trends. We analyzed population trends of common breeding birds in relation to flight initiation distance and geographical location (latitude, longitude, and marginality of the breeding distribution) across European countries from Finland in the north to Spain in the south while also considering other potential predictors of trends like farmland habitat, migration, body size, and brain size. We found evidence of farmland, migratory, and smaller-sized species showing stronger population declines. In contrast, there was no significant effect of relative brain size on population trends. We did not find evidence for main effects of flight initiation distance and geographical location on trends after accounting for confounding and interactive effects; instead, flight initiation distance and location interacted to generate complex spatial patterns of population trends. Trends were more positive for fearful populations northward, westward, and (marginally) toward the center of distribution areas and more negative for fearless populations toward the south, east, and the margins of distribution ranges. These findings suggest that it is important to consider differences in population trends among countries, but also interaction effects among factors, because such interactions can enhance or compensate for negative effects of other factors on population trends.

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“…Populations that have been present in urban areas for generations tend to have a lower escape distance compared to those in rural habitats as the members of urban populations become used to human presence, allowing a closer approach (COOKE 1980, MØLLER 2008, CARRETE & TELLA 2011. The urban individuals also face a lower risk of predation because predator densities in urban areas are generally lower (DÍAZ et al 2013).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors affecting escape distance in birds

Piratelli¹,

Favoretto²,

Maximiano³

2015

Zoologia (Curitiba)

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Observations on how close certain passerine species will tolerate an approaching human in rural and suburban areas

Cited by 132 publications

References 2 publications

Effects of human disturbance on spatial and temporal feeding patterns of BlackbirdTurdus merulain urban parks in Madrid, Spain

Effects of human disturbance on spatial and temporal feeding patterns of BlackbirdTurdus merulain urban parks in Madrid, Spain

Interactive effects of fearfulness and geographical location on bird population trends

Factors affecting escape distance in birds

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