Observations on the Composition of Glomerular Urine, With Particular Reference to the Problem of Reabsorption in the Renal Tubules

Wearn, Joseph T.; Richards, A. N.

doi:10.1152/ajplegacy.1924.71.1.209

Cited by 197 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…The protein concentration in 41 samples of glomerular and proximal tubular fluid from the guinea pig and the rat was found to range from less than 30 mg per 100 ml to less than 200 mg per 100 ml. Earlier, Wearn and Richards (10) had found no protein in 11 frog glomerular samples and concluded that the glomerular filtrate was protein free.…”

mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Protein Concentration in the Proximal Tubule of the Dog*

Dirks¹,

Clapp²,

Berliner³

1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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The mammalian proximal tubular fluid is generally considered to contain a low but definite protein concentration (1)(2)(3). The degree of glomerular capillary membrane permeability has been considered to range from that of a perfect ultrafilter to one yielding a protein concentration of 30 mg per 100 ml or more in the immediate filtrate. The most obvious evidence that protein is present in the glomerular filtrate is the presence of plasma proteins in the urine of normal man, dog, and rat. Estimates of the albumin in normal human urine, based upon a number of different methods, range from 15 to 31 mg per 24 hours (4-8). This amount of albumin could easily be accounted for by a concentration less than 1 mg per 100 ml in the glomerular filtrate provided none was absorbed. The only direct estimate of protein in the mammalian nephron is to be found in the micropuncture studies of Walker, Bott, Oliver, and MacDowell (9). The protein concentration in 41 samples of glomerular and proximal tubular fluid from the guinea pig and the rat was found to range from less than 30 mg per 100 ml to less than 200 mg per 100 ml. Earlier, Wearn and Richards (10)

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mentioning

confidence: 97%

The Protein Concentration in the Proximal Tubule of the Dog*

Dirks¹,

Clapp²,

Berliner³

1964

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…Until the 1920s, a debate raged on the mechanism of urine formation. Some researchers championed a filtration doctrine and others ascribed secretory power to both the glomerulus and tubules (11,12). The secretory theory was more popular, however, because the sheer volume of blood that would first need to be filtered and then reabsorbed by the kidney was enormous.…”

Section: The Milieu Intérieur and The Kidney's Essential Rolementioning

confidence: 99%

“…When Wearn and Richards introduced the micropuncture technique to the study of the kidney (first in amphibia, which had large renal structures amenable to manipulation), the debate on the formation of urine was resolved (11,15). By sampling the fluid elaborated from the glomerular capsule of a frog, the team demonstrated a proteinfree filtrate that was otherwise similar to blood.…”

Section: Early Investigations Form the Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Homeostasis, the Milieu Intérieur, and the Wisdom of the Nephron

Hoenig

Zeidel

2014

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

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The concept of homeostasis has been inextricably linked to the function of the kidneys for more than a century when it was recognized that the kidneys had the ability to maintain the "internal milieu" and allow organisms the "physiologic freedom" to move into varying environments and take in varying diets and fluids. Early ingenious, albeit rudimentary, experiments unlocked a wealth of secrets on the mechanisms involved in the formation of urine and renal handling of the gamut of electrolytes, as well as that of water, acid, and protein. Recent scientific advances have confirmed these prescient postulates such that the modern clinician is the beneficiary of a rich understanding of the nephron and the kidney's critical role in homeostasis down to the molecular level. This review summarizes those early achievements and provides a framework and introduction for the new CJASN series on renal physiology.

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“…73 of Bowman, proved beyond doubt that phenol red is separated from the blood as it passes through the glomerulus (3,4). At the same time, also, direct proof of selective re-absorption in the renal tubule was supplied.…”

Section: Experiments Concerning the Question Of Secretion Of P H T H mentioning

confidence: 96%

Experiments concerning the question of secretion of phenolsulphone-phthalein by the renal tubule

Richards¹,

Barnwell²

1927

Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B.

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Among the most important methods of study which have been applied to the question of secretion by the renal tubule are those which involve the use of dyes. Heidenhain revived the Bowman theory of secretion, largely because of his observations relating to the elimination of indigo carmin—observations which form the beginning of a voluminous and confusing literature. The importance of complete information concerning the mode of excretion of certain dyes can scarcely be denied: they resemble most of the normal urinary constituents in that the concentration in which, after injection, they appear in the urine is higher than that in the blood. As has frequently been argued, if the mechanisms which take part in the excretion of these substances can be identified, light will be thrown upon the processes of normal urine formation. The experimental advantage which derives from their colour is obvious. Phenolsulphonephthalein (phenol red) was introduced as a clinical test of renal function by Rowntree and Geraghty( 1 ) in 1912. Among their experiments was one which convinced them that the tubule was actively concerned in its elimination. After section of the renal arteries in the frog, a phenol-red solution was perfused through the renal portal vessels at a pressure of 35 cm. water. The resulting appearance of the dye in the ureteral fluid convinced them that it had been “secreted” by the tubule. It was soon shown by Bainbridge, Collins and Menzies( 2 ), however, that such high pressure in the renal portal vessels may drive fluid through the efferent vessels into the glomeruli; thus their “proof” that the glomeruli had not been involved in the observed excretion was invalidated.

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Observations on the Composition of Glomerular Urine, With Particular Reference to the Problem of Reabsorption in the Renal Tubules

Cited by 197 publications

References 0 publications

The Protein Concentration in the Proximal Tubule of the Dog*

The Protein Concentration in the Proximal Tubule of the Dog*

Homeostasis, the Milieu Intérieur, and the Wisdom of the Nephron

Experiments concerning the question of secretion of phenolsulphone-phthalein by the renal tubule

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