Observations on the course and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus

Ziff, Morris; Esserman, Paul; McEwen, Currier

doi:10.1002/art.1780010405

Cited by 39 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Many studies report psychiatric abnormalities in over 25% of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)14), and the figure is over 50% in several of these studies d-5).…”

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most studies report organic-type syndromes to be the most common (1)(2)(3)(4)7), but some studies report a high incidence (from over 10% [1-3, 6, 14] to as high as 30% [1, 2,-6]) of nonorganic syndromes (functional psychoses or neuroses).…”

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Other authors (2) catalog symptom clusters (syndromes), and the same patient with anxiety and depression would be counted only once under the syndrome "anxious depression" but possibly again under a different syndrome if he had additional symptoms. Still others (1,3,4) allocate patients to mutually exclusive diagnostic groups so that each patient is counted only once during his hospital stay.…”

Section: Presentation Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and coincident psychiatric symptoms has been described in the professional literature over the past 20 years (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Nevertheless, uncertainty remains concerning the frequency, form and origin of these psychiatric symptoms.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Study of the Psychiatric Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Gurland¹,

Ganz²,

Fleiss³

et al. 1972

Psychosomatic Medicine

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This paper critically reviews studies of psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus. Reported findings vary by chronologic order of publication, clinical orientation of the author, mode of selecting cases and method of examination. This variation in findings reflects errors of method, the most common of which are biased selection of subjects, lack of comparison groups, unreliable recording of observations on the patient and inconsistent presentation of data. Suggestions are made for reducing these errors, including the use of structured interviews and matched comparison groups.A relationship between systemic lupus erythematosus and coincident psychiatric symptoms has been described in the professional literature over the past 20 years (1-12). Nevertheless, uncertainty remains concerning the frequency, form and origin of these psychiatric symptoms.Important theoretic and practical issues wait upon proof that psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus are unusually frequent or of a distinctive form. If psychiatric symptoms are particularly common in systemic lupus erythematosus then their relief is of special concern. Not only are psychiatric symptoms distressing to the patient, but they may impair his ability to cooperate in the treatment of his physical condition. Furthermore, if the form or

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“…Many studies report psychiatric abnormalities in over 25% of cases of systemic lupus erythematosus (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)14), and the figure is over 50% in several of these studies d-5).…”

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Frequencymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Presentation Of Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Study of the Psychiatric Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Gurland¹,

Ganz²,

Fleiss³

et al. 1972

Psychosomatic Medicine

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“…Others (10,(17)(18)(19)(20) have commented on the high incidence of neurologic lesions in SLE. It is apparent from the present results that as patients survive beyond the first 5 years of their disease, central nervous system complications begin to assume an increasing role in producing morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Prospective Study Of Sle Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal histology and clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus

Cheatum

Hurd

Strunk

et al. 1973

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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Thirty women with systemic lupus erythematosus were categorized into groups with and without significant renal involvement on the basis of renal biopsy and subsequently followed for an average of 9.4 years. At this time 53% of the patients with renal disease and 70% of the "nonrenal" patients had died. While 80% of the deaths in the "renal" group were due to renal disease, none of the nonrenal patients died of this complication. Major central nervous system involvement was eventually noted in 100% of the nonrenal group. After 8.3 years, mortality in the nonrenal patients exceeded that in the renal group, mainly because of the emergence of central nervous system disease.Although a number of reports have dealt with the renal involvement (1 -8) and long-term prognosis (3, 5, 6, 9-1 1) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), there has been a paucity of data concerning the ultimate prognosis of patients without significant renal involvement ( 5 , 7 , 8,10). In the present study a group of SLE patients has been classified ac- cording to their renal histology, and their rlinical course documented over a prolonged followup period which averaged 9.4 years. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis prospective study was conducted among patients admitted to Parkland Memorial Hospital during the years [1960][1961][1962][1963][1964][1965][1966][1967]. During this interval, 48 patients with SLE were hospitalized one or more times; all fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the American Rheumatism Association (12). Ropes (13), and the British Medical Research Council (14) for SLE. Of the 48 patients, 30 females (21 black, 6 white, 3 Latin American: mean age 30.8 years, range 8 to 63 years) were included in the study on the basis of availability of a renal biopsy on admission and continued attendance in the outpatient clinic. Biopsies were performed without regard to the presence or absence of clinical evidence of renal disease. The date of onset of SLE was arbitrarily chosen as the time when the patient was first hospitalized with definite symptoms of SLE. All patients seen in the Arthritis Clinic with SLE were hospitalized one or more times during the period of the study. Admissions to the study were closed in 1967, and the patients were followed in the outpatient clinic by their respective physicians until January 1972, when all records were reviewed. The mean follow-up period was 9.4 years, ranging from 11 months, when death intervened in 1 case, to 15.5 years.Although cyclophosphamide and 6-mercaptopurine were used in 9 of the 30 patients studied, these were administered merely as an adjunct to steroid therapy and only in the final 670

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Successful Treatment of Generalized Discoid Skin Lesions With Azathioprine

Tsokos¹

1985

Arch Dermatol

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Observations on the course and treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus

Cited by 39 publications

References 21 publications

The Study of the Psychiatric Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

The Study of the Psychiatric Symptoms of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Renal histology and clinical course of systemic lupus erythematosus

Successful Treatment of Generalized Discoid Skin Lesions With Azathioprine

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