Observations on the Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Northern Scotland

Sutherland, John M.

doi:10.1093/brain/79.4.635

Cited by 150 publications

(45 citation statements)

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“…While these differences may be related to exoge nous factors, the findings support the asser tion of Sutherland [3] and Stocks [4] that there is 'Celtic resistance' to the disease. We identified too few patients born outside En gland and Wales to make a judgement about the susceptibility of other immigrants but surveys in New Zealand have demonstrated higher prevalence in areas where Scots have settled [21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Demographic Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in South East Wales

Swingler¹,

Compston²

1990

Neuroepidemiology

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The non-uniform distribution of multiple sclerosis in the United Kingdom has been attributed to genetic, exogenous and selective factors. Within the county of South Glamorgan the disease is most prevalent amongst middle-aged married or divorced Caucasian women, born in England rather than Wales, occupying flats located in affluent communities with superior amenities where rates of owner occupation are high. The disease is least prevalent amongst young single Welsh-born or non-caucasian males living in rented accommodation located in less affluent communities with a higher population density. These observations may, in part, be related to superior ascertainment of the former group, but some, as yet unidentified, characteristic of the environment may also be relevant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Demographic Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in South East Wales

Swingler¹,

Compston²

1990

Neuroepidemiology

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“…Scotland has the highest prevalence of MS in the world [14,15], with prevalence rates reported in Orkney and Shetland of approximately double the highest rates reported in other northern European countries [16,17]. There exists some evidence for a genetic determinant of this increased risk [18], but a locally-acting environmental, and potentially seasonal, component remains a consideration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of Birth and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in the Scottish Population

2009

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Development of multiple sclerosis (MS) is believed to result from interplay of genes and environmental factors, which may be anticipated to act in a seasonal manner. Scotland has the highest prevalence of MS in the world. We aimed to determine if risk of multiple sclerosis is associated with season of birth in the Scottish population. Data for MS patients within the West of Scotland (n = 1,309) was obtained. Birth rates of MS patients were compared with national (n = 6,198,352) and regional (n = 664,447) controls. Excess MS births occur in the spring months, with 22% more than expected (401 observed vs. 328 expected, p < 0.0001). Peak month in both sexes was April. Fewer MS births occurred in autumn, with 16% fewer births compared with regional controls (275 observed vs. 328 expected, p = 0.01). Our study, the largest in the Scottish population, demonstrates season of birth and risk of MS are associated. Elucidating potential environmental factor(s) accounting for such an association remains a challenge.

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“…Density-dependent mechanisms underlying the structure and dynamics of populations and communities are often sensitive to short-term changes in the spatial distribution of individuals due to movement (Milinski & Parker 1991). Such effects are likely to be interactive, since movement patterns may themselves depend on the density of competitors, predators and prey (Sutherland 1996). Decapod crustaceans exhibit various forms of habitat use, both within and among populations, such as territoriality, central place foraging, nomadism and migration, which are reflected in the movements of individuals and which have implications for survival, growth and reproduction (Herrnkind 1983, Spanier et al 1988, Lawton & Lavalli 1995, Vannini & Cannicci 1995.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Movement of wild European lobsters Homarus gammarus in natural habitat

Smith¹,

Jensen²,

Collins³

et al. 2001

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Most previous mark-recapture studies of the movement of European lobsters have used externally attached tags which were lost at ecdysis, restricting the range of possible recapture intervals. Published studies of this species with tags designed to be retained through ecdysis have focussed on artificially reared lobsters, or wild lobsters released in artificial habitat. Here, we report a mark-recapture study of the mobility of wild European lobsters conducted in 3 areas on the south coast of England, using persistent tags. Tagged lobsters were smaller than the fishery minimum landing size (50 to 84 mm carapace length) and were therefore likely to be predominantly sexually immature. The majority of these lobsters do not appear to undertake extensive alongshore or on-/offshore migrations. Recapture distances ranged from 0 to 45 km, but 95% of recaptured lobsters moved < 3.8 km from their original release positions over periods of up to 862 d. Distance moved did not differ between males and females, but there was a weak positive relationship between recapture distance and body size. The directional distribution of movements > 0.5 km differed between the 3 study areas and appeared to be related to the spatial configuration of local lobster habitat, but with a marked tendency for offshore movement in 2 of the areas. Movements > 5 km from all 3 release areas, which comprised 5% of recaptures after > 6 mo, were generally undertaken by larger lobsters and were almost exclusively to the west or southwest, against the general direction of tide-and wind-generated residual water movement in the English Channel.

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Observations on the Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis in Northern Scotland

Cited by 150 publications

References 0 publications

Demographic Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in South East Wales

Demographic Characteristics of Multiple Sclerosis in South East Wales

Timing of Birth and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis in the Scottish Population

Movement of wild European lobsters Homarus gammarus in natural habitat

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