Observations on the urinary amino acid excretion in man: the influence of age and diet

Fowler, Dorothy I.; Norton, Patricia M.; Cheung, Mung W.; Pratt, Edward L.

doi:10.1016/0003-9861(57)90376-4

Cited by 59 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Determination of the other amino acids in the urine showed these subjects to have a marked but not a massive aminoaciduria when the results are compared with those for a normal child of about the same age (20). The amino acid output was more nearly comparable with that observed for infants (19), particularly as proline and hydroxyproline were found. These two amino acids are characteristic constituents of infants' urine, but not of the urine of children and adults.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

“…The ratio of cystine to creatinine is also much higher than normal. Both of the subjects excreted about 130 mg of cystine per g of creatinine, whereas the normal values for an infant lie between 28 and 54 mg, and those for a child, between 10 and 14 mg (19). Determination of the other amino acids in the urine showed these subjects to have a marked but not a massive aminoaciduria when the results are compared with those for a normal child of about the same age (20).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Somewhat more than 10 ml of blood from the antecubital vein was drawn into a dry syringe through a no. 19 (7) for the acidic and neutral amino acids. The results of the analysis are tabulated in Table I (Subject I).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Concentrations of Cysteine and Cystine in Human Blood Plasma

Brigham¹,

Stein²,

Moore³

1960

J. Clin. Invest.

230

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Studies on the amino acid content of physiological fluids have usually been carried out under conditions that would permit any cysteine present to be oxidized to cystine prior to analysis. Consequently, little quantitative information has been obtained concerning the relative amounts of the -SH and the -S-S-forms of the amino acid in plasma. To know whether both forms are present is of particular importance in the study of excretion of amino acids by the kidney. Cystine is an amino acid which appears in abnormal quantities in the urine in several pathological conditions (1). Failure of tubular reabsorption has usually been invoked to explain this fact (2), an explanation which tacitly assumes that it is cystine (the -S-S-form) not cysteine (the -SH form) that is circulating in the blood and is cleared by the kidney. If cysteine were to be the predominant form normally circulating, oxidation to cystine in the kidney would be required in order to account for the excretion of the disulfide in the urine.Fujita and Numata (3) and Smith and Tuller (4) have reported the presence of cysteine in blood. Another observation which could bear on the subject is that of Brand, Cahill and Harris (5) who showed that the amount of cystine in the urine of a cystinuric subject rose after feeding cysteine and methionine, but not after the ingestion of cystine, the sulfur of which appeared almost exclusively as urinary sulfate.With these thoughts in view, a method has been developed to determine cysteine and cystine individually in the same sample of plasma. The method is based upon the fact that iodoacetate reacts rapidly with cysteine to convert it quantitatively to the stable S-carboxymethyl derivative, which can be determined chromatographically (6, 7). In the system of elution described (7,8) for

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 70%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 89%

See 1 more Smart Citation

The Concentrations of Cysteine and Cystine in Human Blood Plasma

Brigham¹,

Stein²,

Moore³

1960

J. Clin. Invest.

230

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“…Also, pipecolic acid was found by paper chromatography [18] in urine of premature and term infants less than 76 days old, but the frequency of detection was not reported. FOWLER et al [11], using column chromatography [41], found a peak (which they called no.9) between valine and methionine; however, they did not identify it. The peak occurred in urine from two of three premature infants, two of two neonates, and three of three infants, but was not found in any subject over 5 months old.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Excretion of Pipecolic Acid by Infants and by Patients with Hyperlysinemia

Woody

Pupene

1970

Pediatr Res

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Pediat. Res. 4: 89-95 (1970) ExtractPipecolic acid has been found in urine from normal infants and from children with hyperlysinemia. The reaction of pipecolic acid with ninhydrin reagent, using separation procedures in automated ion-exchange systems for amino acid analysis, produced a color constant of low value (1.21 compared with 27.6 for leucine) that could be overlooked in routine analyses of physiological fluids. Pipecolic acid was present in the urine from: four premature infants (6-23 days old) 1.2-8.1 ,«g/ m g creatinine; two of four term infants (3-5 days old) 1.3 and 2.1 ,«g/mg creatinine; and one of four infants (4-11 months old) 2.1 /jg/mg. No pipecolic acid was found in the urines of four infants 14-30 months old. In patients with hyperlysinemia, the amounts of pipecolic acid excreted in the urine were: 3.1 ^g/mg creatinine (4-year-old girl); 5.2 //g/rng creatinine (6-year-old boy); 6.2 /"g/mg creatinine (9-year-old girl); and 4.8 ,ug/mg creatinine (12-year-old girl). SpeculationThe low color yield of pipecolic acid, when separated by standard automated ion-exchange analysis methods, may account for past failures to detect small amounts of this substance in physiological fluids. Amounts of pipecolic acid excreted by young infants and by children with hyperlysinemia indicate that a degradation pathway for lysine, via pipecolic acid to a-aminoadipic acid, is operative in man. Introductionamino acids by infants, children, and adults [2,4,8-10, 14, 16, 19, 21-23, 25, 26, 28, 30, 36, 39, 41-45, 47, 48] Pipecolic acid has been shown to be a product of lysine make no mention of pipecolic acid as a normal urinary metabolism in rats [31][32][33], guinea pigs [5,20,34], constituent, but JAGENBURG [18] detected pipecolic and turkeys [6,7]. It has been detected in plants [53] acid in urine from infants less than 1 year old; however, and is derived from lysine in some of them [15,24]. he was unable to find it in urine of adults. Pipecolic Certain microorganisms form pipecolic acid from a-acid also has been found in the urine of a child with aminoadipic acid [3]; others derive it from lysine by hyperlysinemia [49] and in urine of patients with pathways similar to those described for mammals [20, hyperthyroidism [38]. GHADIMI et al. [13], however,35].attempting to detect pipecolic acid in urine from norReports of the presence of pipecolic acid in human mal premature infants, infants, and adults, and from urine are conflicting. Numerous studies of excretion of patients with hyperlysinemia were unsuccessful, and

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“…This finding is in good accordance with results of other authors [Webber. 1967;Web- [Silbernagl, 1985], on food intake [Fowler et al, 1957] and on age [Brodehl. 1976], The latter aspect has been characterized only insuffi ciently until now.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Renal Transport of Endogenous Amino Acids

Fleck¹

1992

Kidney Blood Press Res

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In the late neonatal period of male Wistar rats (10 days old) concentrations in plasma were higher for 5 of 24 amino acids compared to adult animals (2 months old): β-alanine, tyrosine, glycine, histidine, and the dipeptide anserine. The plasma concentrations of tryptophan, valine and leucine were lower in young than in adult rats. The renal clearances of amino acids were lower in young rats, both in relation to 1 g b.w. and related to 1 g kidney weight. In the latter case the differences became more distinct because the relative kidney weight was higher in young than in adult animals (1.17 ± 0.07 vs. 0.82 ± 0.03 g/l00 g b.w.) and significant age differences in renal water content did not exist. The apparently more effective tubular reabsorption capacity in young rats can be explained as follows: Because of the significantly lower GFR in 10-day-old rats compared with adults (0.46 ± 0.03 vs. 1.10 ± 0.09 ml/ min/1 g kidney), the glomerularly filtered load of amino acids is generally lower in young rats (exceptions: tyrosine glycine). Therefore, the amino acid transporting carrier systems are able to reabsorb the absolutely lower amounts of amino acids from the ultrafiltrate in immature animals. This hypothesis is supported if one relates the renal amino acid clearance to the clearance of inulin. In this way it is possible to show that there are absolutely no differences between both age groups indicating mature transport systems for endogenous amino acids as early as in 10-day-old rats. The urinary excretion of amino acids in young and adult animals was less than 1-5% of the filtered load and age differences were not significant.

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Observations on the urinary amino acid excretion in man: the influence of age and diet

Cited by 59 publications

References 9 publications

The Concentrations of Cysteine and Cystine in Human Blood Plasma

The Concentrations of Cysteine and Cystine in Human Blood Plasma

Excretion of Pipecolic Acid by Infants and by Patients with Hyperlysinemia

Renal Transport of Endogenous Amino Acids

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