Observed changes in extreme weather indices in Hong Kong

Wong, Ma Li; Mok, H. Y.; Lee, T. C.

doi:10.1002/joc.2238

Cited by 62 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Generally speaking, TN90p and TX90p can be considered as 'hot indices' and TN10p and TX10p as 'cold indices.' Detailed definitions of the indices have been well documented in other publications (Wong et al 2010, Lee et al 2011 and are not repeated here.…”

Section: Extreme Temperature Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analysis of the annual mean temperature in the region has shown a longterm increasing trend under the effect of global warming and local urbanization (Lee et al 2006, Ginn et al 2010. For extreme temperature events, re cent studies revealed that the extreme daily minimum and maximum temperatures in Hong Kong exhibited statistically significant long-term rising trends from 1885−2008 (Wong et al 2010, Lee et al 2011.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature trends in Hong Kong from a seasonal perspective

Chan¹,

Kok²,

Lee³

2012

Clim. Res.

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We examined the seasonal trends of mean and extreme temperatures in Hong Kong using data from 1885−2010. The analysis revealed that the daily maximum temperature (T Max ), daily mean temperature (T Mean ), and daily minimum temperature (T Min ) of Hong Kong had a significant long-term increasing trend in all 4 seasons and that the warming trend was more prominent in winter and spring. The relatively higher rate of increase in temperatures in winter and spring could be attributed to local urbanization effects and the weakening of the East Asian winter monsoon in the last few decades. For extreme indices, we observed a significant increase in the hot indices (TN90p and TX90p) and a significant decrease in the cold indices (TX10p and TN10p) in all seasons. The seasonal variations in the heating and cooling degree-days (HDD and CDD) also indicated that CDD in spring, summer, and autumn had a significant increasing trend, while HDD in spring, autumn and winter had a decreasing trend. Analysis of the hot and cool periods in Hong Kong showed a significant decreasing (increasing) trend in the number of cool (hot) days. Also, the cool (hot) period has become shorter (longer) over the last century.

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Section: Extreme Temperature Indicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature trends in Hong Kong from a seasonal perspective

Chan¹,

Kok²,

Lee³

2012

Clim. Res.

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“…Prior research has shown changes in the frequency and intensity of climate extremes over the past century (Alexander et al 2006;Dos Santos et al 2010;Frei and Schär 2001;Frich et al 2002;Kiktev et al 2003;Moberg and Jones 2005;Sen Roy and Balling 2004;Vincent et al 2005;Aguilar et al 2005;New et al 2006;Wong et al 2010;Hirschi et al 2011). Zong and Chen (2000) illustrated how devastating a single extreme precipitation event can be for human societies.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of climate variations in temperature and precipitation extreme events over Iran

Soltani

Laux

Kunstmann

et al. 2015

Theor Appl Climatol

151

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In this study, changes in the spatial and temporal patterns of climate extreme indices were analyzed. Daily maximum and minimum air temperature, precipitation, and their association with climate change were used as the basis for tracking changes at 50 meteorological stations in Iran over the period . Sixteen indices of extreme temperature and 11 indices of extreme precipitation, which have been quality controlled and tested for homogeneity and missing data, are examined. Temperature extremes show a warming trend, with a large proportion of stations having statistically significant trends for all temperature indices. Over the last 15 years (1995)(1996)(1997)(1998)(1999)(2000)(2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007)(2008)(2009)(2010), the annual frequency of warm days and nights has increased by 12 and 14 days/decade, respectively. The number of cold days and nights has decreased by 4 and 3 days/decade, respectively. The annual mean maximum and minimum temperatures averaged across Iran both increased by 0.031 and 0.059°C/decade. The probability of cold nights has gradually decreased from more than 20 % in 1975-1986 to less than 15 % in 1999-2010, whereas the mean frequency of warm days has increased abruptly between the first 12-year period (1975)(1976)(1977)(1978)(1979)(1980)(1981)(1982)(1983)(1984)(1985)(1986)) and the recent 12-year period (1999-2010) from 18 to 40 %, respectively. There are no systematic regional trends over the study period in total precipitation or in the frequency and duration of extreme precipitation events. Statistically significant trends in extreme precipitation events are observed at less than 15 % of all weather stations, with no spatially coherent pattern of change, whereas statistically significant changes in extreme temperature events have occurred at more than 85 % of all weather stations, forming strongly coherent spatial patterns.

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“…As El Niño and La Niña conditions could have effect on the monthly and seasonal climate of Hong Kong against the ENSO-neutral situation from a statistical perspective (Lee and Cheng 2011), the latest status and forecast of the warming and cooling of surface waters over the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean are also closely monitored and reported in the HKO website for public reference. Long-term variations of various meteorological elements and indices, such as temperature, rainfall, sea level, tropical cyclone frequency, and extreme weather events, are also conducted to assess the climate change in Hong Kong due to global warming and local urbanizations (Lee et al 2010b;Wong et al 2011;Chan et al 2012). …”

Section: (H) Climate Monitoringmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(e.g., Lee et al 2010b;Wong et al 2011). Looking into the future, Hong Kong can expect even warmer weather, more variable rainfall, more frequent extreme weather, and a sea level that keeps rising (HKO 2017a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urban-focused weather and climate services in Hong Kong

2018

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Under the relentless pace of population growth and urban development, weather and climate services provided by the Hong Kong Observatory (HKO) since its establishment in 1883 have been evolving continuously with an increasing focus on the delivery of tailored information to meet the needs of special users and various stakeholders in the community. With meteorological observations at the headquarters of the Observatory dating back more than 130 years to 1884, the advent of automatic weather station network in the mid-1980s has significantly expanded the data coverage both in terms of spatial and temporal resolution. The establishment of the Community Weather Information Network in 2007 further extended the meteorological measurement to the school and community levels. Regular upper air soundings and the increasing availability of remote-sensing observations also enable the monitoring of meteorological parameters beyond the near-surface levels through the depth of the atmosphere. By integrating comprehensive weather observations and numerical weather prediction products, HKO now provides a wide range of forecasts covering multi-time scales and warnings and advisories for high-impact weather such as tropical cyclone, thunderstorm, heavy rain, landslide, flooding, and cold and very hot weather. Riding on the advances in communication technology in recent decades, members of the public have gained improved access to the latest weather warnings, advisories, weather information, and forecast for the next couple of hours to 9 days ahead, as well as forecasts near users' locations through HKO's website and mobile app. In addition to information for public consumption, HKO's services and products have been tailored in support of weather-sensitive operations such as those provided to users in the aviation and marine communities. In the process of such diversified development, HKO has successfully cultivated close partnerships with various stakeholders to enhance its weather and climate services by embracing the spirit of the Big Data and smart city concept in recent years, in particular in areas related to energy, water, health, and disaster risk reduction. In this paper, a review of the weather and climate services focusing on the urban aspects in Hong Kong will be presented, with examples illustrating specific applications in different sectors. Future thrusts in enhancing and integrating the urban weather and climate services for Hong Kong in the Big Data era under the Climate Friendly Demonstration City initiative and impact-based forecast approach promulgated by the World Meteorological Organization will also be discussed.

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Observed changes in extreme weather indices in Hong Kong

Cited by 62 publications

References 22 publications

Temperature trends in Hong Kong from a seasonal perspective

Temperature trends in Hong Kong from a seasonal perspective

Assessment of climate variations in temperature and precipitation extreme events over Iran

Urban-focused weather and climate services in Hong Kong

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