Observed Driver Glance Behavior at Roadside Advertising Signs

Beijer, Daan; Smiley, Alison; Eizenman, Moshe

doi:10.3141/1899-13

Cited by 73 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Eight studies (Beijer et al 2004; Chan et al 2010; Divekar et al 2012; Dukic et al 2013; Kettwich et al 2008; Lee et al 2007; Perez et al 2012; Smiley et al 2004) reported data regarding long glances toward billboards. There was considerable evidence that 10–20% of glances made at billboards were ≥ 0.75 s in duration.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Billboards on Driver Visual Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

Decker

Stannard

McManus

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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Objective External distraction appears to affect at least 6–9% of distraction-affected motor vehicle collisions. Billboards may be good models for studying external distraction in general, and it is also desirable to understand billboard-related distraction per se. However, there has not yet been a clear consensus on the scope of billboard-related distraction or its dynamics with respect to characteristics of drivers, billboards, traffic, and the roadway. To narrow these knowledge gaps, a systematic literature review was conducted on billboard-related changes in driver visual behavior. Methods A systematic literature search yielded 443 results, of which 8 studies met all inclusion criteria. Five studies meeting all inclusion criteria were later identified and added. Results were analyzed in terms of 4 categories of visual behavior: (1) gaze variability (GV), glance pattern activity (GPA), and percentage of time spent glancing at the forward roadway; (2) glances at unexpected drive-relevant stimuli; (3) glances at expected drive-relevant stimuli; and (4) glances at billboards. Results There was considerable evidence that about 10–20% of all glances at billboards were ≥0.75 s, that active billboards drew more glances and more long glances (≥0.75 s, ≥2.0 s) than passive billboards but did not attract a longer average glance, and that there was large variability among individual billboards within categories (e.g., active vs. passive). The extent to which billboards attracted glances ≥ 2.0 s was uncertain. There was tentative evidence that billboards did not affect GPA, glances at expected drive-relevant stimuli, or the proportion of time drivers spent glancing at the forward roadway and that they did affect vertical GV and glances at unexpected drive-relevant stimuli. Conclusions Generally, billboard-related distraction appeared to be minor and regulated by drivers as the demands of the driving task changed. However, this review’s findings suggest that this may not be true in all cases. Future research should emphasize the tails of the distribution in addition to average cases, in terms of both the analysis of visual behavior and the complexity of driving tasks. Further research is also needed to understand the effects of billboard design, driver characteristics, and road and traffic context.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Billboards on Driver Visual Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

Decker

Stannard

McManus

et al. 2014

Traffic Injury Prevention

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show abstract

“…The distracted driving problem is also likely to increase because of the emergence of digital billboards and other signage that introduce further visual clutter to the driving environment. (Beijer, Smiley, & Eizenman, 2004;Smiley, Smahel, & Eizenman, 2004;Wallace, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Field and Simulator Evaluations of a PC-Based Attention Maintenance Training Program

Thomas¹,

Pollatsek²,

Pradhan³

et al. 2011

PsycEXTRA Dataset

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“…[10] [11] The luminance contrast with the background of the ad space is the ratio of the luminance difference between the observed object and the luminance of the background. Large values of luminance contrast can blind drivers [12]. The possibility of misleading the driver is a dangerous aspect of road safety.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on the parameters of light emitting advertising media

Chrzanowicz

Tomczuk

2017

MATEC Web Conf.

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Abstract. This article presents preliminary test procedures for measuring the light performance of advertising media related to the way that the light beam affects the driver. A basic distribution of advertising in terms of light emission and estimated luminance levels that can cause blinding. Finally, the results of the diminishing of the luminance of the surface; examples of luminous ad types and identifies their impact on visibility in terms of the possibility of blinding that results in the deterioration of road safety (especially at night ).

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Observed Driver Glance Behavior at Roadside Advertising Signs

Cited by 73 publications

References 9 publications

The Impact of Billboards on Driver Visual Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

The Impact of Billboards on Driver Visual Behavior: A Systematic Literature Review

Field and Simulator Evaluations of a PC-Based Attention Maintenance Training Program

Research on the parameters of light emitting advertising media

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