Observed surface wind speed declining induced by urbanization in East China

Li, Zhengquan; Song, Lili; Ma, Hao; Xiao, Jingjing; Kuo, Way; Chen, Lian

doi:10.1007/s00382-017-3637-6

Cited by 68 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…These reports are in agreement with observed increases in oceanic SWS measured by both remote sensing and in situ systems (McVicar et al, 2012;Ma et al, 2016). Therefore, some investigators suggested that the SWS slowdown could be caused by increased land surface roughness induced by LUCC (Wu et al, 2016(Wu et al, , 2017Zha et al, 2016a, b;Li et al, 2017). Mesoscale model simulations do indicate that an increase in surface roughness could explain 25%-60% of the observed wind stilling (Vautard et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…In previous studies, the influence of LUCC on SWS has mainly been focused on urbanization, with comparisons made with rural stations. "Urban" and "rural" areas are generally defined according to population density (Xu et al, 2006) or light data (Li et al, 2017). However, this approach has a number of problems: (1) Most stations are located near cities, whereas only a few stations are located in mountain regions; (2) The division according to population has a certain degree of subjectivity and does not take into account the level of economic development in different regions; and (3) Although there is some objectivity in the relationship of lighting data with population data, the two methods are static and do not enable a dynamic analysis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of land use and cover change on surface wind speed in China

Chen

2019

J. Arid Land

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The surface wind speed (SWS) is affected by both large-scale circulation and land use and cover change (LUCC). In China, most studies have considered the effect of large-scale circulation rather than LUCC on SWS. In this study, we evaluated the effects of LUCC on the SWS decrease during 1979-2015 over China using the observation minus reanalysis (OMR) method. There were two key findings: (1) Observed wind speed declined significantly at a rate of 0.0112 m/(s•a), whereas ERA-Interim, which can only capture the inter-annual variation of observed data, indicated a gentle downward trend. The effects of LUCC on SWS were distinct and caused a decrease of 0.0124 m/(s•a) in SWS; (2) Due to variations in the characteristics of land use types across different regions, the influence of LUCC on SWS also varied. The observed wind speed showed a rapid decline over cultivated land in Northwest China, as well as a decrease in China's northeastern and eastern plain regions due to the urbanization. However, in the Tibetan Plateau, the impact of LUCC on wind speed was only slight and can thus be ignored.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of land use and cover change on surface wind speed in China

Chen

2019

J. Arid Land

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“…The definitive causes for changes in wind speed are currently unknown. However, several hypotheses have been proposed to explain variations in surface wind speed, such as (a) changes in large‐scale atmospheric circulation (Jiang et al, ; Guo et al, ); (b) increasing surface roughness (Vautard et al, ) and influences of urbanization (Li et al, ); (c) instrumental changes or observational drifts (Fu et al, ) and (d) other possible causes as found in McVicar et al .’s () study. In the following section, we will discuss the impact of each of these factors on the SWS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some scholars in recent years have theorized that increased land surface roughness induced by land use and cover change may be the major cause of SWS slowdown (Zha et al, ; Li et al, ; Wu et al, ). In fact, mesoscale model simulations indicate that an increase in surface roughness could explain between 25 and 60% of the wind stilling (Vautard et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent recovery of surface wind speed in northwest China

Chen

et al. 2018

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Previous studies have reported that much of the surface wind speed (SWS) over the mid-latitudes of the northern hemisphere has declined. However, very few studies have investigated the relatively recent phenomenon of wind recovery. Based on 68 wind data series, this paper examines changes in wind speed in northwest China between 1969 and 2015. In 1992, following a decade of sharply decreasing at a rate of 0.036 m s −1 a −1 (p < .05), the SWS began to significant increase at a rate of 0.004 m s −1 a −1 . The specific reasons for this increase are as follows: (a) The decrease in SWS during the pre-1992 slowdown period is the result of declining wind speeds in spring and summer, whereas increases in wind speed during the post-1992 recovery period are caused by increased wind in winter. (b) The number of days featuring strongly varying wind speeds has changed. Specifically, the number of days above 2 m s −1 all show a significant decreasing trend from 1969 to 1992, whereas the number of days of 1-3 m s −1 shows a significant upward trend from 1993 to 2015. (c) Stations located between 1,000 and 1,500 m.a.s.l. (meter above sea level) are more sensitive to climate change than those at other altitudes, which shows the biggest decline (increase) trend during wind speed slowdown (recovery) period. These stations could potentially act as climatic indicators to predict future wind speed changes. SWS in northwest China have been affected by changes both in large-scale atmospheric circulation and in regional warming. Surface pressure gradient variations between high-and low-latitude regions may be important contributors to wind speed changes under asymmetric warming. However, urbanization is only moderately responsible for trend changes in SWS. K E Y W O R D S climate change, northwest China, surface wind speed, wind recovery 1 | INTRODUCTION Surface wind speed (SWS) links the land surface with the lower atmosphere and partially governs the transfer of energy, water and momentum between the two (Azorin-Molina et al., 2014). Therefore, understanding the evolution of long-term SWS is of great relevance in evaluating coastal erosion (Viles and Goudie, 2003), wind energy (Pryor et al., 2006), pollutant dispersion (Pineda-Martinez et al., 2011), surface energy balance, and hydrological cycle (Roderick et al., 2007). Roderick et al. (2007) first proposed the concept of "wind stilling" to explain the observed decrease in pan-evaporation in Australia. McVicar et al. (2012) furtherperformed a meta-analysis of 148 regions. Their studies show that declines in SWS are geographically wide-spread, with declines in both hemispheres in the tropics and mid-latitudes, and increases at high-latitudes (i.e.,~>70 latitude). Meanwhile, based on observational evidence at two mountainous regions, McVicar et al. (2010) reported that nearsurface wind speeds were declining more rapidly at higher elevations than those at lower ones. It is worth mentioning that over the past 30-50 years in mid-latitude regions, the SWS declined from −0.004 m s −1 a −1 to...

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“…In China, it is believed that a decline of pressure gradient, climate warming, and decreasing monsoon circulation commonly reduce atmospheric circulation and WS (Zhang et al 2009. Additionally, the urbanization over QRB (Rui et al 2011;Du et al 2012;Hao et al 2015b) may cause the negative effects on the WS variation (Li et al 2018).…”

Section: Temporal Trends Of Meteorological Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Climatic Controls on Watershed Reference Evapotranspiration Varied during 1961–2012 in Southern China

Qin

Hao

Sun

et al. 2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Reference evapotranspiration (ETo) is an important hydrometeorological term widely used in understanding and projecting the hydrological effects of future climate and land use change. We conducted a case study in the Qinhuai River Basin that is dominated by a humid subtropical climate and mixed land uses in southern China. Long‐term (1961–2012) meteorological data were used to estimate ETo by the FAO‐56 Penman–Monteith model. The individual contribution from each meteorological variable to the trend of ETo was quantified. We found basin‐wide annual ETo decreased significantly (p < 0.05) by 3.82 mm/yr during 1961–1987, due to decreased wind speed, solar radiation, vapor pressure deficit (VPD), and increased relative humidity (RH). However, due to the increased VPD and decreased RH, the ETo increased significantly (p < 0.05) in spring, autumn, and annually at a rate of 2.55, 0.56, and 3.16 mm/yr during 1988–2012, respectively. The aerodynamic term was a dominant factor controlling ETo variation in both two periods. We concluded the key climatic controls on ETo have shifted as a result of global climate change during 1961–2012. The atmospheric demand, instead of air temperature alone, was a major control on ETo. Models for accurately predicting ETo and hydrological change under a changing climate must include VPD in the study region. The shifts of climatic control on the hydrological cycles should be considered in future water resource management in humid regions.

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Observed surface wind speed declining induced by urbanization in East China

Cited by 68 publications

References 41 publications

Effects of land use and cover change on surface wind speed in China

Effects of land use and cover change on surface wind speed in China

Recent recovery of surface wind speed in northwest China

Climatic Controls on Watershed Reference Evapotranspiration Varied during 1961–2012 in Southern China

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