Observer accuracy and observer agreement in the measurement of visual fixation with fixed-trial procedures

Haaf, Robert A.; Brewster, Marisa; Victor, Cynthia M. de Saint; Smith, Peg Hull

doi:10.1016/0163-6383(89)90007-6

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Because of the design of the apparatus, only one observer recorded looking time in the visual task; thus, inter-observer reliability was not assessed for this procedure. Reliability in the visual novelty preference procedure has been shown, in general, to be high (Haaf, Brewster, de Saint Victor, & Smith, 1989). Inter-observer reliability obtained for the observer in this study in previous visual habituation experiments has also been high (correlations ranging from .94 to .98 ;Younger & Cohen, 1986;Younger, 1990).…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodssupporting

confidence: 56%

A Comparison of Visual Familiarization and Object‐Examining Measures of Categorization in 9‐Month‐Old Infants

Younger¹,

Furrer²

2003

Infancy

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Three studies were conducted to determine whether differential patterns of categorization observed in studies using visual familiarization and object‐examining measures hold up as procedural confounds are eliminated. In Experiment 1, we attempted as direct a comparison as possible between visual and object‐examining measures of categorization. Consistent with previous reports, 9‐month‐old infants distinguished a basic‐level contrast (dog–horse) in the visual task, but not in the examining task. Experiment 2 was designed to reduce levels of nonexploratory activity in an examining task; 9‐month‐olds again failed to distinguish categories of dogs and horses. In Experiment 3, we adopted a paired‐comparison test format in the object‐examining task. Infants did display a novel category preference under paired testing conditions. The results suggest that the different patterns of categorization often seen in looking and touching tasks are a reflection, not of different categorization processes, but of the differential sensitivity of the tasks.

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Section: Experiments 1 Methodssupporting

confidence: 56%

A Comparison of Visual Familiarization and Object‐Examining Measures of Categorization in 9‐Month‐Old Infants

Younger¹,

Furrer²

2003

Infancy

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“…Due to the design of the apparatus, a second observer could not record looking time; thus, interobserver reliability was not directly assessed. However, reliability with this procedure generally is high (Haaf, Brewster, de Saint & Hull Smith, 1989) and the observer in this study previously has demonstrated high reliability with other trained observers in the context of a preferential looking procedure (Younger & Johnson, 2004).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 70%

Beyond the distributional input? A developmental investigation of asymmetry in infants’ categorization of cats and dogs

Furrer¹,

Younger²

2005

Developmental Science

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Two experiments are reported using a visual familiarization categorization procedure. In both experiments, infants were familiarized with sets of stimuli previously shown to contain asymmetric feature distributions that support an asymmetry in young infants' categorization of cats and dogs (i.e. infants' cat category excludes dogs but their dog category includes cats). In Experiment 1, the asymmetry was replicated in 4-month-old infants. In contrast, 10-month-old infants demonstrated exclusive category representations for both cats and dogs. In Experiment 2, an additional group of 10-month-olds demonstrated exclusive representations for both cats and dogs under conditions of very limited within-task category familiarization. Potential mechanisms underlying the shift from an asymmetric to a symmetric pattern of categorization in the first year are discussed.

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“…Looking times recorded by the primary observer were used in the data analyses. Using a similar procedure, Bomba (1984) reported interobserver reliabilities in the same range (0.88 to 0.93; see also Haaf, Brewster, de Saint Victor, andSmith, 1989, andO'Neill, Jacobson, andJacobson, 1994, for comparable estimates of reliability in other laboratories using the same procedure).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Global influences on the development of spatial and object perceptual categorization abilities: Evidence from preterm infants

Mash

Quinn

Dobson

et al. 1998

Developmental Science

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Influences on the development of perceptual categorization were examined by comparing the performance of three groups of infants on spatial and object categorization tasks. The groups consisted of 1) fullterm infants tested at 3 to 4 months of age, 2) healthy preterm infants tested 3 to 4 months from birth (postnatals), and 3) healthy preterm infants tested 3 to 4 months from their due date (postterms). Four experiments showed that fullterms and postterms outperformed postnatals on a spatial categorization task (i.e., 'above' vs. 'below', and that fullterms outperformed both postnatals and postterms on object categorization tasks (i.e., dogs vs. cats, and cats vs. birds). These results suggest that maturation may be the predominant influence on the early development of the ability to form categorical representations of spatial information, while preterm birth may exert a limiting influence on the development of object categorization abilities.

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Observer accuracy and observer agreement in the measurement of visual fixation with fixed-trial procedures

Cited by 23 publications

References 7 publications

A Comparison of Visual Familiarization and Object‐Examining Measures of Categorization in 9‐Month‐Old Infants

A Comparison of Visual Familiarization and Object‐Examining Measures of Categorization in 9‐Month‐Old Infants

Beyond the distributional input? A developmental investigation of asymmetry in infants’ categorization of cats and dogs

Global influences on the development of spatial and object perceptual categorization abilities: Evidence from preterm infants

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