Obstetric Risk Factors and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Finland

Polo‐Kantola, Päivi; Lampi, Katja M.; Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki, Susanna; Gissler, Mika; Brown, Alan S.; Sourander, André

doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2013.09.044

Cited by 78 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…[44] Furthermore, older mothers had a higher prevalence of chronic diseases, which also would lead to an increased risk of adverse birth outcomes. [43,45] These have been observed in serval previous studies, which demonstrated a high risk of obstetric complications among older mothers. [43–45] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism

et al. 2017

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Background:The aim of this meta-analysis was to investigate the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors for children autism.Methods:PubMed, Embase, Web of Science were used to search for studies that examined the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal risk factors for children autism. A fixed-effects model or random-effects model was used to pool the overall effect estimates.Results:Data from 37,634 autistic children and 12,081,416 nonautistic children enrolled in 17 studies were collated. During the prenatal period, the factors associated with autism risk were maternal and paternal age≥35 years, mother's and father's race: White and Asian, gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, maternal and paternal education college graduate+, threatened abortion, and antepartum hemorrhage. During perinatal period, the factors associated with autism risk were caesarian delivery, gestational age≤36 weeks, parity≥4, spontaneous labor, induced labor, no labor, breech presentation, preeclampsia, and fetal distress. During the postnatal period, the factors associated with autism risk were low birth weight, postpartum hemorrhage, male gender, and brain anomaly. Parity≥4 and female were associated with a decreased risk of autism. In addition, exposure to cigarette smoking, urinary infection, mother's and father's race: Black and Hispanic, mother's country of birth outside Europe and North America, umbilical cord around neck, premature membrane rupture, 5-minutes Apgar score<7, and respiratory infection were not associated with increased risk of autism.Conclusion:The present meta-analysis confirmed the relation between some prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors with autism. All these factors were examined individually, thus it was still unclear that whether these factors are causal or play a secondary role in the development of autism. Further studies are needed to verify our findings, and investigate the effects of multiple factors on autism, rather than the single factor.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…[43,45] These have been observed in serval previous studies, which demonstrated a high risk of obstetric complications among older mothers. [43–45] …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism

et al. 2017

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“…Studies of population attributable fractions (PAFs) in US populations include an assessment of the Georgia Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System which estimated 42% of CP cases and 13% of ID cases were attributable to LBW [24], an assessment of North Dakota registry data which estimated 8% of ASD cases were attributable to low gestation and 8% were attributable to LBW [25], and an assessment of the Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network which estimated 12% of ASD cases were attributable to PTB, LBW, and Cesarean delivery [26]. Studies from other countries of the impacts of various pregnancy complications and/or outcomes on ASD [27], ADHD [20], and developmental delays [28] reported moderate PAFs for the various perinatal factors studied. These past studies had notable limitations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Population impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on developmental disabilities in US children

Schieve

Tian

Rankin

et al. 2016

Annals of Epidemiology

176

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Purpose Although previous studies demonstrate associations between adverse perinatal outcomes and developmental disabilities (DDs), study of population impacts is limited. Methods We computed relative risks adjusted (aRRs) for sociodemographic factors and component and summary population attributable fractions (PAFs) for associations between very low birth weight (VLBW, all preterm births), moderately low birth weight (MLBW) + Preterm, MLBW at term, and normal birth weight (NBW) + Preterm and seven DDs (cerebral palsy [CP], autism spectrum disorder [ASD], intellectual disability [ID], behavioral-conduct disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], learning disability [LD], and other developmental delay) among children aged 3–17 years in the 2011–2012 National Survey of Children’s Health. Results VLBW-Preterm, MLBW-Preterm and NBW-Preterm were strongly to moderately associated with CP (aRRs: 43.5, 10.1, and 2.2, respectively; all significant) and also associated with ID, ASD, LD, and other developmental delay (aRR ranges: VLBW-Preterm 2.8–5.3; MLBW-Preterm 1.9–2.8; and NBW-Preterm 1.6–2.3). Summary PAFs for preterm birth and/or LBW were 55% for CP, 10%–20% for ASD, ID, LD, and other developmental delay, and less than 5% for ADHD and behavioral-conduct disorders. Findings were similar whether we assessed DDs as independent outcomes or within mutually exclusive categories accounting for DD co-occurrence. Conclusions Preterm birth has a sizable impact on child neurodevelopment. However, relative associations and population impacts vary widely by DD type.

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“…In a study of autism in the same Finnish birth cohort investigated in the present study, we showed accelerated growth of HC in autism cases at postnatal months 2–4, adjusting for growth velocity of height and weight (McKeague et al, 2015). We and other groups have shown that several early developmental risk factors (Abel et al, 2013; Brown et al, 2004; Lampi et al, 2013; Malaspina et al, 2001; Polo-Kantola et al, 2014; Reichenberg et al, 2006) are shared between the two disorders and certain copy number variants (Grayton et al, 2012) are also found at higher frequencies in both disorders. While schizophrenia is more often characterized as a disorder of reduced overall volume(s) of total brain and several specific brain regions, it is conceivable that disrupted cortical development due to overactive brain growth during the fetal and early postnatal period, a time during which rapid synapse development occurs, alters the trajectory of brain growth and connectivity (Gilmore et al, 2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Altered growth trajectory of head circumference during infancy and schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort

Brown

Gyllenberg

Hinkka‐Yli‐Salomäki

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research

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Identification of abnormalities in the developmental trajectory during infancy of future schizophrenia cases offers the potential to reveal pathogenic mechanisms of this disorder. Previous studies of head circumference in pre-schizophrenia were limited to measures at birth. The use of growth acceleration of head circumference (defined as the rate of change in head circumference) provides a more informative representation of the maturational landscape of this measure compared to studies based on static head circumference measures. To date, however, no study has examined whether HC growth acceleration differs between pre-schizophrenia cases and controls. In the present study, we employed a nested case control design of a national birth cohort in Finland. Cases with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder (N=375) and controls (N=375) drawn from the birth cohort were matched 1:1 on date of birth (within 1 month), sex, and residence in Finland at case diagnosis. Longitudinal data were obtained on head circumference from birth through age 1. Data were analyzed using a new nonparametric Bayesian inversion method which allows for a detailed understanding of growth dynamics. Adjusting for growth velocity of height and weight, and gestational age, there was significantly accelerated growth of head circumference in females with schizophrenia from birth to 2 months; the findings remained significant following Bonferroni correction (p < 0.0125). This is the first study to report abnormal HC growth acceleration, a more sensitive measure of somatic developmental deviation of this measure, in schizophrenia.

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Obstetric Risk Factors and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Finland

Cited by 78 publications

References 34 publications

Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism

Prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors associated with autism

Population impact of preterm birth and low birth weight on developmental disabilities in US children

Altered growth trajectory of head circumference during infancy and schizophrenia in a National Birth Cohort

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