Obstructive sleep apnea: diagnosis, risk factors, and pathophysiology

Pillar, Giora; Lavie, Peretz

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-52006-7.00025-3

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…Women in the menopausal period equate their apnea index with that of men, and it is believed that estrogen and progesterone maintain adequate muscle tone in the premenopausal period. 16 , 17 …”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This test occurs at night while the patient sleeps, which allows the monitoring of various physiological and pathological parameters, such as apnea and hypopnea index, oxyhemoglobin saturation, arousals and microarousals, postural changes, distribution of stages of sleep, the electrocardiographic record and the intensity and frequency of snoring. 17 …”

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstructive sleep apnea in adults

Faber

Faber³

2019

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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Introduction: Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Hypopnea Syndrome (OSAS) is a highly prevalent disease with serious consequences for the patients’ lives. The treatment of the condition is mandatory for the improvement of the quality of life, as well as the life expectancy of the affected individuals. The most frequent treatments provided by dentistry are mandibular advancement devices (MAD) and orthognathic surgery with maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). This is possibly the only treatment option which offers high probability of cure. Objective: The present article provides a narrative review of OSAS from the perspective of 25 years of OSAS treatment clinical experience. Conclusion: MADs are a solid treatment option for primary snoring and mild or moderate OSAS. Patients with severe apnea who are non-adherent to CPAP may also be treated with MADs. Maxillomandibular advancement surgery is a safe and very effective treatment option to OSAS.

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Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Diagnosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Obstructive sleep apnea in adults

Faber

Faber³

2019

Dental Press J. Orthod.

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“…This latter mechanism emphasizes the great importance of central obesity as compared with peripheral obesity since it is the abdomen much more than the thighs that affect upper-airway size. Therefore, obesity has been associated with functional impairment in upper airway muscles [23]. The prevalence of OSA increases with age and the gender differences diminish significantly after menopause [21].…”

Section: Complications Of Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Numerous studies have attempted to know the cause of the age-related impact on OSA, no definitive conclusions have been reached [22]. Anatomical and pathophysiological susceptibility to OSA appears to increase with age in older people, who had a poorer responsiveness of pharyngeal dilator muscles, the genioglossus negative pressure stimuli appear to deteriorate with aging [23].…”

Section: Complications Of Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Familial aggregation of obstructive sleep apnea was first recognized in the 1970s by Strohl and co-workers in a family with several affected individuals. The relative risk of obstructive sleep apnea can be two-four fold higher in first-degree relatives [23]. Genetic factors of obesity, soft tissue characteristics, and craniofacial abnormalities together given the wealth of evidence implicating these factors in the pathogenesis of the disorder.…”

Section: Complications Of Osamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Pathophysiology and Pharmacotherapy Approach

Jyothi¹,

Prasad²,

Rajalakshmi³

et al. 2019

Noninvasive Ventilation in Medicine - Recent Updates

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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by complete cessation of upper airflow during sleep, leading to repetitive episodes of desaturations and arousals. The symptoms include excessive daytime somnolence and are associated with a significant cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The prevalence of OSA is higher in men with an approximate rate of 14 and 5% in women respectively. Typical risk factors for obstructive sleep apnea in the normal adult population are obesity, aging, gender, menopause, ethnicity, genetical predisposition, craniofacial anatomy, smoking, alcohol consumption and some other factors such as REM sleep, surface tension, and impaired sensory processing. Several screening questionnaires can be performed in outpatient settings to identify the patient symptoms. Polysomnography is considered as the gold standard for diagnosis of OSA. Different surgical treatments and devices are readily available for an effective management of this disease. Proper diagnosis and treatment improves not only the quality of life but also relatively decreases patient morbidity and mortality. A multifaceted approach is necessary for an accurate management of the OSA.

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