Obtaining of Fuels Based on Products of Organic-Waste Steam Thermolysis

Abstract

A technological line for thermolysis of technical rubber waste and biomass in the medium of superheated steam is considered. The characteristics of fuels based on liquid-and solid-waste thermolysis products are given, and the energy efficiency of obtaining composite fuels has been estimated.Introduction. Analysis of the waste-formation dynamics leads to the conclusion that further development of production cannot proceed without taking into account ecological aspects connected with the accumulation of waste. At present, up to 2/3 of waste can be recycled, and in the future production should be based on recoverable refuse.In the Republic of Belarus, over 24 million tons of production and consumption waste are formed annually, including 2.4 million tons of wood waste, 60 thousand tons of used tires, and up to 50 thousand tons of recoverable polyethylene refuse. It should be noted that, for making products and generating energy, only 16% of the whole mass of waste are used and the remaining part is accumulated in the territory of Belarus and now amounts to about 640 million tons, and over 3000 ha of land are occupied by dumps [1].The biomass of vegetable and animal origin, the forestry and wood-working industry waste, and solid and liquid organic waste are considered worldwide as the most important (under the present-day conditions) nontraditional recoverable source of energy and raw materials.The biomass is being used more and more for energy purposes in industrial countries. In the European Union countries, about 3% (65 million tons of equivalent fuel) of the total energy requirement are satisfied at the cost of the biomass, and in individual countries this index reaches 23% (Finland), 18% (Sweden), and 12% (Austria).The present-day thermal technologies of obtaining fuel, energy, and raw materials from waste are based on the processes of combustion, gasification, pyrolysis, liquefaction (obtaining of synthetic fuels), thermobriquetting, etc.Analyzing waste-management technologies, it may be concluded that the most promising direction in developing high-efficiency and ecologically clean methods of processing them is the direction connected with the thermal methods of waste reclamation. In the last few years, as a result of the intensification of investigations on the problems of waste management, a number of technological processes and apparatuses for obtaining raw materials and energy resources from it have been proposed. At the same time, most of the technologies and equipment used are low-efficiency, material-intensive, or very expensive, and the directions of using processing products do not provide the necessary economic efficiency mainly because of the low quality of the products obtained.In the present paper, with the example of using the technological line for organic-waste thermolysis in the medium of superheated steam, the process of obtaining composite fuel has been considered and the good prospects for vapor thermolysis as a technique of thermal processing of a wide spectrum of waste have been substanti...

Waste Tire Pyrolysis Recycling with Steaming: Heat-Mass Balances & Engineering Solutions for By-Products Quality

“…In this connection with reference to [33][34][35][36][37][38] a new pyrolysis system for waste tire commercial recycling in the reactor of double-screw type with steam has been elaborated in HMTI (Belarus) for ENRESTEC Co. (Taiwan) in 2006, being next installed and applied by author's guidance in [2007][2008]. The plant has been designed as a double-line pyrolysis system per 1 t/hr every (Pict.1, Fig.1) with carbon black quality as 1-2% oil residual matters, including more proof-explosion safety inside the reactor due to diluting the pyrolysis gases (pyrogas) with steam, as well as more sealing the reactor with steam feeding against air penetration into reactor under the low-operating pressure as required.…”

“…And specially concerning the steam use for tire pyrolysis in connection with that and with reference to U.S. Patent 866 758, it had been first claimed even in 1907, resulting in the pure carbon char yield with heating directly by steam at 315°C that was well enough for such of recycling (reclaiming in original), provided with the rubber particles intensively piping by the same steam flow. Much more late with reference to [9,10,33] the direct heating pyrolysis method by superheated steam feeding into reactor at 500-600°C has been claimed and published as a new idea of that in the 2000s. In accordance with that a multi-batch pyrolysis tunnel system has been elaborated in HMTI for recycling the whole tires in cartridges which continually moving through the long tunnel heating by this way.…”

Technology and equipment for processing of secondary hydrocarbons

“…Для создания эффективного метода, позволяющего перерабатывать широкий спектр отходов, наиболее перспективным представляется направление, которое связано с использованием термохимической конверсии [1][2][3][4][5].…”