Obtaining of the Ceramics Pigments (Fe, Zn)Cr₂O₄ Using Waste of Electroplating as Raw Material

Abstract

The solid material from electroplating wastewater treatment was used as raw material in synthesis of ceramic pigments, once the formation of ZnCr2O4 and FeCr2O4 crystalline phases can be considered as a process of heavy metals inertization, such as chromium, zinc and iron. To reach the purpose of this paper, the techniques of elementary chemical analysis (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and X-Ray Fluorescence, thermal analysis (DTA/TGA) and X-Ray Diffraction were applied in samples of waste with the aim of physical and chemical characterization. After the characterization of residue were incorporate metallic oxides for correction of composition and obtaining of inorganic pigment. Pigment formation was followed through X-ray diffraction, where the formation of spinel phases containing the metals Fe, Cr and Zn were observed. The pigment was characterized through scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and thermogravimetry. The 8 hours cycle calcinated pigments formed crystalline spinel phases, where we can say that the present metals in the sludge became inert. It was possible to incorporate up to 20% of the galvanic waste in the production of Fe, Cr and Zn based inorganic pigments.

Solution combustion synthesis of FeCr 2 O 4 powders for pigment applications: Effect of fuel type

“…They are employed in various fields of ceramic applications, including refractories, 1 transparent from Vis to IR region, 2,3 luminescent application, 4 spectrally selective absorber coatings, photocatalysts, 5,6 pigments, 7 and magnetic devices. 8,9 Chromite powders were synthesized by several methods such as solid-state reaction, 10,11 hydrothermal, 12,13 coprecipitation, 14,15 sol-gel, 16,17 single crystal growth via flux-growth method, 18 and solution combustion method. 19 The solution combustion synthesis method has several advantages such as easy-eco, fast reaction for the production of different ceramic materials.…”

Solution combustion synthesis of FeCr2O4:Zn,Al pigment powders

“…14 For the production of spinel materials, chemical methods are more attractive than that of traditional method (solid-state reaction), 4 because of reaction at a lower temperature, lower manufacturing costs, reducing fuel consumption, less wear on equipment. 3 Several methods are presented for the synthesis of chromite powders such as single crystal growth via flux-growth method, 15 electroplating of wastewater treatment, 16 coprecipitation, 17,18 sol-gel, 19,20 hydrothermal, 21,22 and solution combustion method. 23,24 Several studies about the combustion synthesis of chromite powders can be observed in open literature studied.…”

Synthesis of (Fe,Cr)2O3 solid solution pigment powders for ink application

“…As the crystal field stabilization energy of Cr 3+ is more than that of Fe, the Cr ions prefer to occupy the octahedral sites 1 . FeCr 2 O 4 can be employed in various conventional and advanced fields, such as pigments, 2,3 ferromagnetic materials, 4 and photocatalysts 5 . Several methods, including solid‐state reactions 2,3 and wet chemical methods, 6–9 have been reported for the synthesis of spinel structure powders.…”

“…FeCr 2 O 4 can be employed in various conventional and advanced fields, such as pigments, 2,3 ferromagnetic materials, 4 and photocatalysts 5 . Several methods, including solid‐state reactions 2,3 and wet chemical methods, 6–9 have been reported for the synthesis of spinel structure powders. Some mineralogists investigated the oxidation of iron chromite in the mantle 10 and single crystal forms 11,12 .…”