“…In contrast, the non-parametric method is carried out without establishing the production function (Oukil et al, 2016). The parametric method allows for error measurements (Alzua-Sorzabal et al, 2015) for example, by using regression analysis, factor analysis, and stochastic approaches. The non-parametric method are done by using a linear programming approach, such as data envelopment analysis, backward uncertainty propagation, artificial neural networks, and hierarchical analysis (Yi & Liang, 2014).…”