Occlusal interferences and mastication: An electromyographic study

Schaerer, P; Stallard, Richard E.; Zander, Helmut

doi:10.1016/0022-3913(67)90141-2

Cited by 125 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…It can be seen from the various Dental Prescale images obtained at pre-treatment that the occlusal contact area was uneven, with a large occlusal contact area providing surface contact mainly in the molar region, suggesting attrition of the teeth. Schaerer et al 17) found that occlusal interference caused tooth movement and attrition. In individuals with malocclusion, mastication causes tooth movement and attrition.…”

Section: Dental Prescale Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Occlusal Condition and Masticatory Function

Makino

Nomura

Motegi

et al. 2014

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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Change in occlusion and masticatory function after orthodontic treatment was investigated by a follow-up study in a group of 14 patients with malocclusion (3 men, 11 women, aged 12-46 years). All completed a food questionnaire and underwent occlusal force evaluation using a pressure-sensitive sheet at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and during the retention phase. The number of foods identified as difficult to eat decreased at post-treatment in all patients. The mean occlusal force was 646.65223.5 N at pretreatment, 401.15109.1 N at post-treatment, and 530.65183.6 N during the retention phase. The mean occlusal contact area was 14.155.9 mm 2 at pre-treatment, 6.551.7 mm 2 at post-treatment, and 9.853.8 mm 2 during the retention phase. The mean average occlusal pressure was 47.656.6 MPa at pre-treatment, 62.255.7 MPa at post-treatment, and 55.456.7 MPa during the retention phase. A Dental Prescale film evaluation revealed that occlusal force and occlusal contact area increased over the 1-year retention phase. An improvement in level of satisfaction with mastication ability was reported at posttreatment and during the retention phase. Average occlusal pressure at post-treatment increased significantly (p<0.01), which may account for the observed increase in the ability of the patients to bite through food. These results suggest that an increase in average occlusal pressure improves level of satisfaction with mastication ability.

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Section: Dental Prescale Measurement Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Occlusal Condition and Masticatory Function

Makino

Nomura

Motegi

et al. 2014

Bull. Tokyo Dent. Coll.

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“…Moreover, an understanding of its particular influence upon the masseteric reflex would help to clarify some of the events associated with the neural control of mastication. For example, several investigators have suggested that during mastication the pause which appears in the electrical activity of the jaw closing muscles after tooth contact is due to reflex inhibition by the mechanoreceptors of the tooth-supporting structures (Schaerer, Stallard, and Zander, 1967;Brenman, Black, and Coslet, 1968;Ahlgren, 1969;Beaudreau, Daugherty, and Masland, 1969;Griffin and Munro, 1969). On the other hand, it has been proposed that this effect is mainly due to the excitation of muscle spindles in the temporalis and masseter muscles brought about by the vibration associated with tooth contact or a slight rebound of the mandible after contact; this results in a monosynaptic reflex followed by the silent period that characteristically follows the superimposition of a stretch reflex on an already contracting muscle Yemm, 1969, 1970;Matthews and Yemm, 1970).…”

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confidence: 99%

Effect of voluntary contraction of the masseter and other muscles upon the masseteric reflex in man

Hannam

1972

Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry

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S U MM AR Y Experiments were carried out on seven adult subjects in order to establish the relationship between the magnitude of the masseteric reflex and the amount of voluntary activity present in the muscle at the time the reflex was evoked. At the same time, an effort was made to determine whether the magnitude of the reflex could be enhanced by the simultaneous voluntary contraction of muscles other than that being tested (the Jendrassik manoeuvre). The reflex was evoked by applying controlled downward thrusts to the mandible so as to produce a constant displacement in each case, and the response of the masseter muscle was recorded by means of small bipolar surface electrodes attached to the skin over the muscle. These responses were averaged by a computer in the presence of various static loads supported by the mandible. It was found that in all subjects the amplitude of the masseteric reflex appeared to increase as the weight supported by the mandible increased, and that in the majority of subjects it was possible to demonstrate Jendrassik facilitation by simultaneous contraction of the muscles of the upper limbs. The results of the experiments suggest that the enhancement of the masseteric reflex by voluntary contraction of the jaw-closing muscles may be due to autogenetic factors, synergistic factors, or both, and that at least two processes contribute to the amplitude of the masseteric reflex evoked by tooth contact during mastication-namely, the stimulation of muscle spindles by the impact of opposing teeth and facilitation caused by voluntary activity in the jaw-closing muscles before tooth contact.

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“…However, the concept that oral splints can be used to treat bruxism by removing the occlusal interferences that are thought to trigger bruxing activity (Ramfjord, 1961;Krogh-Poulsen and Olsson, 1966;Schaerer et al, 1967;Kawazoe et al, 1980;Sheikholeslam et al, 1986) is no longer tenable. It has been shown that occlusal adjustments do not stop sleep bruxism (Bailey and Rugh, 1980), and that experimentally placed deflective occlusal contacts reduce rather than enhance masticatory muscle activity during sleep (Rugh et al, 1984 Montplaisir, 1995).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Splints: the Crutches for Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism?

Dao

Lavigne

1998

Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine

258

143

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Despite the extensive use of oral splints in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and bruxism, their mechanisms of action remain controversial. Various hypotheses have been proposed to explain their apparent efficacy (i.e., true therapeutic value), including the repositioning of the condyle and/or the articular disc, reduction in the electromyographic activity of the masticatory muscles, modification of the patient's "harmful" oral behavior, and changes in the patient's occlusion. Following a comprehensive review of the literature, it is concluded that any of these theories is either poor or inconsistent, while the issue of true efficacy for oral splints remains unsettled. However, the results of a controlled clinical trial lend support to the effectiveness (i.e., the patient's appreciation of the positive changes which are perceived to have occurred during the trial) of the stabilizing splint in the control of myofascial pain. In light of the data supporting their effectiveness but not their efficacy, oral splints should be used as an adjunct for pain management rather than a definitive treatment. For sleep bruxism, it is prudent to limit their use as a habit management aid and to prevent/limit dental damage potentially induced by the disorder. Future research should study the natural history and etiologies of TMD and bruxism, so that specific treatments for these disorders can be developed.Key words. Oral splints, temporomandibular disorders, bruxism, myofascial pain, disc displacement disorders. (I) IntroductionAmong the treatments provided for temporomandibular disorders (TMD), intra-oral dental appliances, whether with full or partial occlusal coverage, and referred to in this paper as oral splints, have been repeatedly reported as being the most widely adopted choice. Introduced by Karolyi in 1901 (see Ramfjord and Ash, 1994) for the treatment of bruxism, it is striking to see the versatility of their current applications. Other than their use in the prevention of dental injuries and oral soft-tissue trauma potentially induced by bruxism, sports, cheek biting (Walker and Rogers, 1992), and electroconvulsive therapy (Minneman, 1995), oral splints of various designs have been prescribed in the management of diverse disorders including: (a) motor disorders such as Parkinson's disease (Durham et al., 1993) and oral tardive dyskinesia (Kai et al., 1994); (b) sleep disorders such as snoring (George, 1993) and sleep apnea (George, 1993;Athanasiou et al., 1994;Lowe, 1994;Yoshida, 1994;Osseiran, 1995); (c) sensitive teeth related to chronic sinusitis (Dawson, 1974); (d) various headaches, from the tension-type to migraine (Ouayle et al., 1990;Lamey and Steele, 1996); and (e) all subgroups of TMD, e.g., myofascial pain, disc displacement disorders, and the arthritides (Table 1).It is also surprising to see the wide acceptance of oral splints and their "multi-purpose usage", while little is known about the mechanisms by which they exert their effect. For the TMD, a survey of 10,000 members of...

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Occlusal interferences and mastication: An electromyographic study

Cited by 125 publications

References 6 publications

Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Occlusal Condition and Masticatory Function

Effect of Orthodontic Treatment on Occlusal Condition and Masticatory Function

Effect of voluntary contraction of the masseter and other muscles upon the masseteric reflex in man

Oral Splints: the Crutches for Temporomandibular Disorders and Bruxism?

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