Occlusion and Orthodontics

Lobprise, Heidi B.

doi:10.1002/9781118816219.ch19

Cited by 21 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Reduction of the maxillary bone in “bulldog-type” domestic dogs leads to redundant skin with excessive folding on the nose ridge and dermatitis. Moreover, the maxillary bone offers less space for dental alveoli, which is why reduction of teeth (oligodontia, either congenial or acquired due to high prevalence of dental diseases as the result of malocclusion), crowding, and rotation related to alveolar processes are common, ( McKeown 1975 ; Harvey 1985 ; Kupczyńska et al 2009 ; Schlueter et al 2009 ; Lobprise and Dodd 2019 ) ( Fig. 5 ).…”

Section: Pathological and Morphological Correlates Of Brachycephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional Changes in Skeletal Anatomy under Domestication: The Case of Brachycephaly

Geiger

Schoenebeck

Schneider

et al. 2021

Integrative Organismal Biology

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“Brachycephaly” is generally considered a phenotype in which the facial part of the head is pronouncedly shortened. While brachycephaly is characteristic for some domestic varieties and breeds (e.g., Bulldog, Persian cat, Niata cattle, Anglo-Nubian goat, Middle White pig), this phenotype can also be considered pathological. Despite the superficially similar appearance of “brachycephaly” in such varieties and breeds, closer examination reveals that “brachycephaly” includes a variety of different cranial modifications with likely different genetic and developmental underpinnings and related with specific breed histories. We review the various definitions and characteristics associated with brachycephaly in different domesticated species. We discern different types of brachycephaly (“bulldog-type,” “katantognathic,” and “allometric” brachycephaly) and discuss morphological conditions related to brachycephaly, including diseases (e.g., Brachycephalic Airway Obstructive Syndrome). Further, we examine the complex underlying genetic and developmental processes and the culturally and developmentally related reasons why brachycephalic varieties may or may not be prevalent in certain domesticated species. Knowledge on patterns and mechanisms associated with brachycephaly is relevant for domestication research, veterinary and human medicine, as well as evolutionary biology, and highlights the profound influence of artificial selection by humans on animal morphology, evolution, and welfare. Zusammenfassung Als “Brachycephalie” wird im Allgemeinen ein Phänotyp bezeichnet, der sich durch einen stark verkürzten Gesichtsschädel auszeichnet. Obwohl Brachycephalie für manche Haus- und Nutztiere ein rassenspezifisches Merkmal ist (z.B. bei der Bulldogge, der Perserkatze, dem Niata-Rind, der Anglo-Nubischen Ziege und dem Middle White-Schwein), kann dieser Phänotyp auch pathologisch sein. Trotz der oberflächlichen Ähnlichkeit des brachycephalen Phänotyps in diesen Varietäten und Rassen, zeigt ein detaillierter Vergleich ihrer Schädelmorphologie, dass Brachycephalie eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Schädelveränderungen umfasst, welche wahrscheinlich unterschiedliche genetische und entwicklungsbiologische Grundlagen haben. In dieser Übersichtsarbeit schaffen wir einen Überblick über die verschiedenen Definitionen und Charakteristika, welche mit Brachycephalie in den verschiedenen domestizierten Formen assoziiert sind. Dabei unterscheiden wir zwischen verschiedenen Brachycephalie-Typen («Bulldoggen-Typus», «Katantognather Typus» und «Allometrischer Typus») und diskutieren morphologische Besonderheiten—inklusive Pathologien—welche mit der Brachycephalie in Verbindung stehen (z.B. das Brachycephale Syndrom). Wir diskutieren weiterhin die bisher bekannten, komplexen genetischen und entwicklungsbiologischen Prozesse die zu Brachycephalie führen können, sowie kulturelle und entwicklungsbiologische Gründe, weshalb Brachycephalie in gewissen Arten auftritt, während in anderen Arten keine solchen Phänotypen bekannt sind. Das Wissen um die Muster und Mechanismen, welche zu Brachycephalie führen, sind relevant für die Domestikationsforschung, die Veterinär- und Humanmedizin, sowie für die Evolutionsbiologie und betonen den tiefgreifenden Einfluss von künstlicher Selektion auf die Morphologie, die Evolution und das Tierwohl unserer Nutz- und Haustiere. Resumen La braquicefalia generalmente se considera un fenotipo en el que el cráneo, específicamente el hocico, es notablemente acortado. Mientras que la braquicefalia es característica de algunas variedades domésticas y razas (p.e. Bulldog, gato persa, vaca ñata, cabra anglo nubiana, cerdo Middle White), también se puede interpretar como un fenotipo patológico. A pesar de que la braquicefalia tiene una apariencia semejante, por lo menos superficial, en estas variedades y razas, al examinarla más en detalle se descubre que la “braquicefalia” incluye una variedad de diferentes modificaciones del cráneo que probablemente tienen diferentes subyacentes genéticos y de desarrollo y que están relacionados con la historia de la raza. Revisamos las diferentes definiciones y propiedades relacionadas con la braquicefalia en varias especies domésticas. Describimos diferentes tipos de braquicefalia (tipo bulldog, “katantognático” y braquicefalia alométrica) y analizamos condiciones morfológicas relacionadas con la braquicefalia incluyendo enfermedades (p.e. síndrome obstructivo respiratorio). Además, examinamos los complejos procesos genéticos y de desarrollo subyacentes y los motivos culturales y de desarrollo por las que variedades braquicéfalas pueden ser más o menos prevalentes en ciertas especies domésticas. El conocimiento de patrones y mecanismos asociados a la braquicefalia son relevantes para la investigación sobre la domesticación, medicina veterinaria y humana, así como para la biología evolutiva y destaca la profunda influencia de la selección artificial sobre la morfología y bienestar de los animales y su evolución.

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Section: Pathological and Morphological Correlates Of Brachycephalymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exceptional Changes in Skeletal Anatomy under Domestication: The Case of Brachycephaly

Geiger

Schoenebeck

Schneider

et al. 2021

Integrative Organismal Biology

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“…1 Indications for extraction of teeth can include traumatic dentoalveolar injuries, periodontal disease, tooth resorption, malocclusion, impacted or unerupted teeth, trauma, caries and inflammatory conditions such as contact mucositis. 1 Surgical extraction techniques, including mucogingival (MG) flap creation, are well accepted to improve visualization and perform alveolectomy to facilitate surgical extractions. The principles of MG flap design have been previously described.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The principles of MG flap design have been previously described. 1–6 Once flaps have been elevated and teeth extracted, the most widely accepted technique in dogs is surgical closure to allow for more rapid primary intention healing. 4,7 Primary closure of extraction sites is intended to prevent contamination with food and other debris, while maintaining a blood clot within the alveolus during healing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs

Pegg

Hoyer

Kelley³

et al. 2022

J Vet Dent

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To evaluate healing and complications of extraction sites closed with a simple interrupted pattern (SI) and a simple continuous (SC) suture pattern in a prospective randomized clinical trial. Greyhounds were selected from a rescue with a standardized environment and naturally occurring disease. Surgical extractions were performed (35 sites) and all mucogingival flaps were closed with 4–0 poliglecaprone 25 using either SI or SC randomly assigned by surgical site. Oral healing/dehiscence, suture inflammation, suture loss, accumulation of debris, presence/nature of discharge, necrotic tissue and adjacent contact ulceration were evaluated. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare categorical data and two-tail T tests used to compare continuous data. Results showed SC was faster to apply. No new dehiscence events were detected after Recheck 1. There was no significant difference for dehiscence scores between SI and SC. A trend was seen towards more major dehiscence in the SI group. This study concluded SC is an alternative to SI for closure of occlusal surfaces in the mouth. Mandibular canine tooth extraction sites were more likely to have a high dehiscence score than all other sites combined regardless of surgical technique.

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“…Linguoverted canine teeth (class I malocclusion) can cause palatal defects, oronasal fistulae, tooth abrasion or attrition, and periodontal disease. 1,2 Mandibular distoclusion (class II malocclusion), in which the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch, 3 can further contribute to lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,9,6 Orthodontic treatment alters the position of the teeth to achieve a functional, stable, and harmonious occlusion. 3 The inclined plane technique for orthodontic movement of linguoverted mandibular canine teeth has been utilized by veterinary dentists for years with positive results. 3,1,2,6 Use of this appliance design for definitive orthodontic movement can preserve full function of affected teeth and mandibular integrity for the lifetime of the patient.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthodontic Inclined Plane Application Using a Visible Light Cure Acrylic Material for Treatment of Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth

Haggerty¹,

Block²,

Battig³

2021

J Vet Dent

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Malocclusion is a common problem in dogs. Linguoverted canine teeth (class I malocclusion) can cause palatal defects, oronasal fistulae, dental wear, and periodontal disease. Mandibular distoclusion (class II malocclusion), in which the mandibular arch occludes caudal to its normal position relative to the maxillary arch, can further contribute to lingual displacement of mandibular canine teeth. Traditionally, a flowable self-curing bisacrylic composite material has been used. The method described here uses a light cure acrylic denture base material utilizing multiple customized segments to construct the appliance to the desired shape and size necessary to achieve a functional incline plane.

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Occlusion and Orthodontics

Cited by 21 publications

References 52 publications

Exceptional Changes in Skeletal Anatomy under Domestication: The Case of Brachycephaly

Exceptional Changes in Skeletal Anatomy under Domestication: The Case of Brachycephaly

Clinical Evaluation of Intraoral Suture Patterns Using Poliglecaprone 25 in Greyhound Dogs

Orthodontic Inclined Plane Application Using a Visible Light Cure Acrylic Material for Treatment of Linguoverted Mandibular Canine Teeth

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