Occupational Exposure to Harmful Chemical Substances While Processing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

Pośniak, Małgorzata; Kozieł, Ewa; Jeżewska, Anna

doi:10.1080/10803548.2001.11076490

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The presence and possibility of migration of 2(3H)-benzothiazolone and benzothiazole from car tyres is confirmed in the latest research by Capolupo et al (2020) [4]. Additionally, Pośniak et al (2000) [10] report that, in air samples taken at product preparation stations based on mixtures with the addition of styrene butadiene rubber and acrylonitrile butadiene, ethylbenzene, o-xylene and m-, p-xylene, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acrolein were all identified. However, during lining formation in presses, additional tetrachloroethene and dibutyl phthalate were released.…”

Section: The Influence Of Timementioning

confidence: 71%

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Investigation of the Presence and Possible Migration from Microplastics of Phthalic Acid Esters and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Kida

Koszelnik

2020

J Polym Environ

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The work detailed here examined the presence and possibility of leaching of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from various products in everyday use. Due to the complicated matrix, which is plastic, extraction parameters should be selected separately each time. The properties of both the extractant and the material selected for testing should also be taken into account, which is very difficult in practice. In addition, when designing new methods, it is particularly important to take into account the principles of green chemistry so as not to burden the environment additionally. For this purpose, it is important to know the factors that affect the extraction of impurities. Therefore, the main objective was to assess the impact of selected environmental conditions on the process by which such pollutants in plastics like polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polystyrene (PS), polypropylene (PP) and rubber migrate. Analysis inter alia addressed the impacts of type of plastic, migration time, temperature and microplastic particle size. It proved possible to note the presence in PVC and rubber of both PAEs and PAHs—as substances posing a particular threat to the environment. One of the former is the commonly-used plasticiser di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), a listed priority hazardous substance under the provisions of Directive 2013/39/EU as regards priority substances in the field of water policy. As monitoring of this substance in the environment indicates amounts that are increasing steadily, the design of effective removal methods needs to start with initial estimates of amounts appearing in the environment over time. Main sources need to be explored, albeit in the certain knowledge that the ubiquitous microplastics are among these, inter alia as influenced by elution mechanisms. An attempt was also made to identify and characterise other auxiliary substances added to plastics as they are being produced. Indeed, chromatograms and GC/MS spectra suggest leaching of many other plastic substances. Relationships between eluted pollutants were also sought.

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Section: The Influence Of Timementioning

confidence: 71%

“…Levels of exposure to benzene in various workplaces are given in the range 0.16-266 mg/m 3 . A further source of exposure to benzene may reflect its presence in food products and drinking water [10,35,36].…”

Section: The Influence Of Timementioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the Presence and Possible Migration from Microplastics of Phthalic Acid Esters and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Kida

Koszelnik

2020

J Polym Environ

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“…The addition of microspheres whose thermal insulating power is similar to that of previous additives, enhances the thermal insulating power of the mixture to certain temperature levels, when the microspheres decompose, which generates a strong exothermic effect [10,23]. The samples under analysis contained an organic geopolymer binder, whose interesting properties have made the authors use the material as an alternative to other organic binders used in hazardous cellulose-based mixtures [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The gas evolution of a modified cellulose mixture used for gating systems in the no-bake mould process

Zawieja

Sawicki

2021

J Therm Anal Calorim

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This paper shows the results of a study of gas evolution from a patented modified cellulose mix used in the production of no-bake casting moulds. The modified cellulose mixture was used for investigation with additives such as expanded perlite, expanded vermiculite and microspheres. The binder was an inorganic resin based on commercial technology, called Geopol. Samples were tested in different compositions in order to show the influence of all the additives mentioned. Two different methods were used—one was based on TG–TDG–MS investigation and the other was based on pyrolysis combined with a gas composition analyser. Investigations of both methods were carried out at temperatures up to 900 °C. The results showed that the gas emissions during thermal degradation of all the modified mixtures did not constitute substances that are hazardous or dangerous to health. Therefore, the material proposed can be used as a solution that is more environmentally friendly when compared to formulas which exist on the market and are abundant in harmful compounds.

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“…Nevertheless, the phenolic resin has harmful effects on the human body (Pośniak et al , 2001). The phenolic resin containing 10%–15% free phenol and 4%–6% free formaldehyde is considered environmentally hazardous during processing and operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tribiological behavior of modified phenolic resin composites for braking applications

Yusubov

2021

ILT

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of binder effect on tribological behavior of brake friction composite materials: a case study of phenolic resin modified by N-Methylaniline. Design/methodology/approach Four different friction materials have been fabricated by varying modified phenolic resin content. The samples were prepared by the conventional powder metallurgy methods following ball milling, mixing, pre-forming, hot pressing and post-curing processes. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to determination of the degradation mechanism of organic components and study of thermal stability of the samples. A friction test was carried out in dry conditions using a vertical tribometer. Analysis of worn surfaces was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Findings The experimental results revealed that the sample containing 25 Wt.% phenolic resin has good mechanical and thermal properties with stable friction characteristics. Originality/value This paper presents the effect of N-methylaniline modified phenolic resin on friction composites to improve tribological performance by its thermal properties.

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Occupational Exposure to Harmful Chemical Substances While Processing Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins

Cited by 4 publications

References 4 publications

Investigation of the Presence and Possible Migration from Microplastics of Phthalic Acid Esters and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

Investigation of the Presence and Possible Migration from Microplastics of Phthalic Acid Esters and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons

The gas evolution of a modified cellulose mixture used for gating systems in the no-bake mould process

Tribiological behavior of modified phenolic resin composites for braking applications

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