Occupational heat strain in outdoor workers: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Ioannou, Leonidas G.; Foster, Josh; Morris, Nathan B.; Piil, Jacob F.; Havenith, George; Mekjavic, Igor B.; Kenny, Glen P.; Nybo, Lars; Flouris, Andreas D.

doi:10.1080/23328940.2022.2030634

Cited by 71 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 236 publications

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“…In the coming decades, more women are expected to enter the world of male-dominated work; therefore, more studies should be directed toward identifying workplace strategies for achieving gender equity. In this light, the literature suggests that sex should be considered an important contributing factor capable of modifying the physiological heat strain experienced by workers [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. Yet, the majority of relevant studies investigate the impact of occupational heat-stress, not cold exposure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Stress and Characteristics of Cold-Induced Vasodilation in Women and Men during Cold-Water Immersion: A Randomized Control Study

Tsoutsoubi

Ioannou

Mantzios

et al. 2022

Biology

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Background: Cold-induced vasodilation (CIVD) is a phenomenon that refers to a paradoxical increase in finger temperature that sometimes occurs during cold exposure. The aim of this study was to compare CIVD responses between women and men, during exposure to different environmental conditions. Methods: Seven men and seven women participated in a matched controlled study consisting of a familiarization protocol followed by three experimental sessions (cool (10.8 °C WBGT), thermoneutral (17.2 °C WBGT), and hot (27.2 °C WBGT)). In each session, participants were asked to immerse their left hand and foot in warm water (35 ± 1 °C) for five minutes. Thereafter, the left hand and foot were immersed in cold water (8 ± 1 °C) for 40 min. After that, the left hand and foot were removed from the water and participants remained seated for five minutes. Results: For a matched thermal stress, women experienced an elevated cardiovascular strain (heart rate and in some cases mean arterial pressure) and higher frequency of CIVD reactions (men: 31 vs. women: 60) in comparison to their male counterparts. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that women experienced elevated cardiovascular strain and higher frequency of CIVD reactions, particularly in the toes, compared to their male counterparts during cold-water immersion.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Stress and Characteristics of Cold-Induced Vasodilation in Women and Men during Cold-Water Immersion: A Randomized Control Study

Tsoutsoubi

Ioannou

Mantzios

et al. 2022

Biology

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“…ISO‐LRF was designed to prevent heat injury by implementing work‐rest cycles and is designed to avoid health risk; Lancet‐LRF is based on a statistical fitting on labor productivity measurements within observed workplaces (Kjellstrom et al., 2018; Sahu et al., 2013; Wyndham, 1969) and thus is less restrictive but also more likely to be associated with the adverse health impacts that are amply evidenced (Flouris et al., 2018; Romanello et al., 2021). An excellent discussion of the relative merits of these two different approaches is included within Ioannou et al., 2022 and we will not recapitulate it here. A comparison of labor capacities as a function of WBGT as predicted by both LRFs is demonstrated in Figure S2 in Supporting Information S1.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Poverty Impacts of Labor Heat Stress in West Africa Under a Warming Climate

et al. 2022

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This paper assesses the poverty implications of heat stress‐related labor capacity losses based on simulations using a global general equilibrium economic model. Compared with past studies, we use a more precise measurement of heat stress, assign labor capacity losses to specific labor types by sector, and employ an economic model that contains highly disaggregated economic sectors and regions. This model allows us to determine global and regional economic impacts that account for international dependencies. We focus attention on seven West African countries for which we determine the implied changes in real incomes of households near the poverty line. For these countries, we use household microsimulations to determine potential impacts on the poverty headcount. In our results, poverty impacts are heterogeneous across countries and earning sources‐based household strata. A key channel behind this heterogeneity is how loss of labor productivity affects the relative returns to factors of production. We find that unskilled agricultural wages could increase, as loss of productivity in the face of inelastic food demand induces increased labor demand in order to dampen agricultural output losses. In our experiments, even neglecting potential increases in mortality and morbidity, poverty increases range from 2.3% in Cameroon to up to 7.2%–9.2% in Ghana and Nigeria. In one of the seven countries considered, Guinea, poverty sees little change due to the mitigating effects of rising labor wages.

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“…Early detection and intervention are critical to improving HRI outcomes, as mortality can drop from 80% in those with delayed cooling to 0% when elevated CBT is detected and reduced to less than 40 °C within 30 min of symptom onset [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Football players, soccer players, long-distance runners, military servicemembers, outdoor and manual workers, and emergency responders are all frequently affected by HRI-related morbidity and mortality ( Figure 1 ) [ 2 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. Despite the frequency and potentially fatal consequences of undetected HRI, coaches, trainers, officers, and employers currently rely on visible cues and subjective assessments of their athletes and employees for early detection, such as malaise, confusion, thirst, ataxia, or excessive sweating.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wearable Sensor Technology to Predict Core Body Temperature: A Systematic Review

Dolson

Harlow

Phelan

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Heat-related illnesses, which range from heat exhaustion to heatstroke, affect thousands of individuals worldwide every year and are characterized by extreme hyperthermia with the core body temperature (CBT) usually > 40 °C, decline in physical and athletic performance, CNS dysfunction, and, eventually, multiorgan failure. The measurement of CBT has been shown to predict heat-related illness and its severity, but the current measurement methods are not practical for use in high acuity and high motion settings due to their invasive and obstructive nature or excessive costs. Noninvasive predictions of CBT using wearable technology and predictive algorithms offer the potential for continuous CBT monitoring and early intervention to prevent HRI in athletic, military, and intense work environments. Thus far, there has been a lack of peer-reviewed literature assessing the efficacy of wearable devices and predictive analytics to predict CBT to mitigate heat-related illness. This systematic review identified 20 studies representing a total of 25 distinct algorithms to predict the core body temperature using wearable technology. While a high accuracy in prediction was noted, with 17 out of 18 algorithms meeting the clinical validity standards. few algorithms incorporated individual and environmental data into their core body temperature prediction algorithms, despite the known impact of individual health and situational and environmental factors on CBT. Robust machine learning methods offer the ability to develop more accurate, reliable, and personalized CBT prediction algorithms using wearable devices by including additional data on user characteristics, workout intensity, and the surrounding environment. The integration and interoperability of CBT prediction algorithms with existing heat-related illness prevention and treatment tools, including heat indices such as the WBGT, athlete management systems, and electronic medical records, will further prevent HRI and increase the availability and speed of data access during critical heat events, improving the clinical decision-making process for athletic trainers and physicians, sports scientists, employers, and military officers.

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Occupational heat strain in outdoor workers: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis

Cited by 71 publications

References 236 publications

Cardiovascular Stress and Characteristics of Cold-Induced Vasodilation in Women and Men during Cold-Water Immersion: A Randomized Control Study

Cardiovascular Stress and Characteristics of Cold-Induced Vasodilation in Women and Men during Cold-Water Immersion: A Randomized Control Study

The Poverty Impacts of Labor Heat Stress in West Africa Under a Warming Climate

Wearable Sensor Technology to Predict Core Body Temperature: A Systematic Review

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