Occupational hypersensitivity to metal salts, including platinum, in the secondary industry

Cristaudo, Antonio; Sera, Francesco; Severino, V; Rocco, Mariagrazia De; Lella, Eugenio; Picardo, Mauro

doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00521.x

Cited by 115 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Positive skin prick test (SPT) to rhodium has been frequently interpreted as cross-reactivity reactions in platinum salt allergic workers of precious metals' refineries (Murdoch and Pepys 1987;Nakayama and Ichikawa 1997) and catalyst productions (Cristaudo et al 2005). In a study conducted on 720 eczematous patients sensitized to metals (Santucci et al 2000), rhodium patch tests resulted positive only in 2 cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Workers who were employed in refineries and in catalyst production-where high concentrations of PGEs salts were observed-showed a high incidence of allergic IgE-mediated reactions. Platinum salts have been strongly associated with an increased incidence of asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis, dermatitis, and urticaria among exposed workers (Santucci et al 2000;Cristaudo et al 2005), while few data regarding rhodium sensitizing potential were collected (Cristaudo et al 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Permeation of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles through intact and damaged human skin

et al. 2015

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The aim of the study was to evaluate percutaneous penetration of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles (PtNPs: 5.8 ± 0.9 nm, RhNPs: 5.3 ± 1.9 nm) through human skin. Salts compounds of these metals are sensitizers and some also carcinogenic agents. In vitro permeation experiments were performed using Franz diffusion cells with intact and damaged skin. PtNPs and RhNPs, stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, were synthesized by reduction of Na2PtCl6 and RhCl3·3H2O respectively. Suspensions with a concentration of 2.0 g/L of PtNPs and RhNPs were dispersed separately in synthetic sweat at pH 4.5 and applied as donor phases to the outer surface of the skin for 24 h. Measurements of the content of the metals in the receiving solution and in the skin were performed subsequently. Rhodium skin permeation was demonstrated through damaged skin, with a permeation flux of 0.04 ± 0.04 μg cm−2 h−1 and a lag time of 7.9 ± 1.1 h, while no traces of platinum were found in receiving solutions. Platinum and rhodium skin-analysis showed significantly higher concentrations of the metals in damaged skin. Rh and Pt applied as NPs can penetrate the skin barrier and Rh can be found in receiving solutions. These experiments pointed out the need for skin contamination prevention, since even a minor injury to the skin barrier can significantly increase penetration

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Permeation of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles through intact and damaged human skin

et al. 2015

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“…We have shown both in vitro (Figure 4) and in vivo (Supplemental Figures 1-3) that encapsulated iron platinum particles do not have any significant toxic effects on cells (over 48 hours) or mice (over 20 days). Platinum salts are known to be toxic, [39][40][41] but the platinum in our particles was metallic and contained in a crystal structure alloyed with iron. Upon dissociation from the crystal, the platinum would still be metallic and not in the form of a salt.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paclitaxel-loaded iron platinum stealth immunomicelles are potent MRI imaging agents that prevent prostate cancer growth in a PSMA-dependent manner

Taylor¹,

Sillerud²

2012

IJN

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Background and methods:Problems with the clinical management of prostate cancer include the lack of both specific detection and efficient therapeutic intervention. We report the encapsulation of superparamagnetic iron platinum nanoparticles (SIPPs) and paclitaxel in a mixture of polyethyleneglycolated, fluorescent, and biotin-functionalized phospholipids to create multifunctional SIPP-PTX micelles (SPMs) that were conjugated to an antibody against prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) for the specific targeting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and treatment of human prostate cancer xenografts in mice. Results: SPMs were 45.4 ± 24.9 nm in diameter and composed of 160.7 ± 22.9 µg/mL iron, 247.0 ± 33.4 µg/mL platinum, and 702.6 ± 206.0 µg/mL paclitaxel. Drug release measurements showed that, at 37°C, half of the paclitaxel was released in 30.2 hours in serum and two times faster in saline. Binding assays suggested that PSMA-targeted SPMs specifically bound to C4-2 human prostate cancer cells in vitro and released paclitaxel into the cells. In vitro, paclitaxel was 2.2 and 1.6 times more cytotoxic than SPMs to C4-2 cells at 24 and 48 hours of incubation, respectively. After 72 hours of incubation, paclitaxel and SPMs were equally cytotoxic. SPMs had MRI transverse relaxivities of 389 ± 15.5 Hz/mM iron, and SIPP micelles with and without drug caused MRI contrast enhancement in vivo. Conclusion: Only PSMA-targeted SPMs and paclitaxel significantly prevented growth of C4-2 prostate cancer xenografts in nude mice. Furthermore, mice injected with PSMA-targeted SPMs showed significantly more paclitaxel and platinum in tumors, compared with nontargeted SPM-injected and paclitaxel-injected mice.

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“…It is well known that a large proportion of workers exposed to Pt salts show allergic symptoms ranging from sneezing and rhinorrhea to asthma, including contact dermatitis and urticaria [5,26,27,28]. Sensitization reactions have been observed in sites with a Pt content of as little as 0.05 µg/m 3 (whereas Pt concentrations in catalyst production areas may range from 12 to 64 ng/m 3 [5, 6]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Platinum Group Elements Enhance the Allergic Immune Response by Acting on Dendritic Cells

Paolucci¹,

Ponti²,

Fabbri³

et al. 2007

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Atmospheric pollution may play a role in the immune response to allergens either directly or by entering the food chain. While particulate platinum group elements (PLGE) emitted by catalytic converters can be considered biologically inert, approximately 10% of these species accumulate in the environment as bioavailable soluble forms. Methods: We challenged in vitro human immature and mature monocyte-derived dendritic cells with subtoxic concentrations of soluble species of PLGE. Dendritic cells were studied both at baseline and following treatment with Na₂PtCl₆, Na₂PdCl₆ or Na₃RhCl₆. (NH₄)₆Mo₇O₂₄ was included as control. The following end-points were considered: expression of differentiation markers, effectiveness of allergen presentation and Th2 cytokine production by cocultured T lymphocytes, expression of IgE-type I receptor and efficiency of IgE-dependent endocytosis. Results: We found that treatment with PLGE (but not with the control metal) increased costimulatory molecule expression and antigen presentation, amplified IL-5 production by cocultured T lymphocytes, upregulated IgE-type I receptor membrane expression, and augmented IgE-type I receptor-mediated endocytosis. Conclusions: We conclude that PLGE have an adjuvant-like effect on dendritic cells that can favor and amplify the immune response to allergens.

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Occupational hypersensitivity to metal salts, including platinum, in the secondary industry

Abstract: The results of this study demonstrate that Pt-salts are important allergens in the catalyst industry and that the clinical manifestations involve both the respiratory system and the skin. Hexachloroplatinic acid should be considered the most important salt to use for skin prick tests.

Cited by 115 publications

References 17 publications

Permeation of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles through intact and damaged human skin

Permeation of platinum and rhodium nanoparticles through intact and damaged human skin

Paclitaxel-loaded iron platinum stealth immunomicelles are potent MRI imaging agents that prevent prostate cancer growth in a PSMA-dependent manner

Platinum Group Elements Enhance the Allergic Immune Response by Acting on Dendritic Cells

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