Occupational radiation exposures for medical workers in Pakistan – An overview

Abstract

The imperative use of ionizing radiation in medicine causes the inevitable occupational exposure of the medical workers during the course of routine duties. The magnitude of health risk due to such radiation exposures has been described in terms of occupational radiation doses. In this context, it is obligatory to monitor, measure and document the radiation dose of occupationally exposed medical workers. This study aims to review the whole-body occupational radiation exposures of medical workers in Pakistan. Specifically, online literature published during 2000-2018 was reviewed for the occupational radiation exposures of Pakistani medical workers. Analysis of the extracted personal dosimetry data revealed that the total number of monitored medical occupational workers was 26046. The range of total cumulative and annual average effective doses was 94-15785 Person-mSv and 0.66-7.37 mSv, respectively. A significant number of the workers (25477; ~98%) received an annual dose below 5 mSv, while only 18 workers received an occupational exposure exceeding the annual dose limit of 20 mSv. It is expected that this study will provide a useful reference for evaluating and improving radiation protection and safety policies in the country.

Prevalence of musculoskeletal impairment in traffic police of District Swabi, Pakistan.

“…69 percent felt discomfort in their upper extremities, while 54 percent had pain in their lower extremities felt pain radiating to other parts of the body. In this study, the participants' pain was caused by their long working hours (20). The results of this study show that the prevalence of WMSDs varies significantly between participants with varying years of job experience.…”

İttihat ve Terakki Dönemi İktisat Politikası Tartışmaları

“…198 şahsi menfaatler uğruna kullanılması ve kendi şahsi gayretleri ile iş yapanlara adeta düşman gözüyle bakılması nedeniyle de eleştirilmektedir. 200 Aynı eleştiriler Ahmet Rıza tarafından da ileri sürülmüş ve hatta bu yolsuzlukların II. Abdülhamit'i dahi tenzih edecek kadar ileri bir mahiyet aldığı ifade edilmiştir.…”